\(\left(2x+3\sqrt{x}-3\right)^2=116^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3\sqrt{x}-3=116\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(2t^2+3t-3=116\)
\(2t^2+3t-119=0\)
\(\Delta=3^2-4.2.\left(-119\right)\)\(=961\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\Delta}=\sqrt{961}=31\)\(>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)hpt có 2 nghiệm phân biệt

\(\Rightarrow t_1=\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{-3+31}{2.2}=7\left(TM\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow t_2=\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{-3-31}{2.2}=\dfrac{-17}{2}\left(L\right)\)
Với \(t_1=7\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=7\Leftrightarrow x=49\)
                        Vậy hpt có nghiệm là x = 49

\(\left(2x+3\sqrt{x}-3\right)^2=116^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3\sqrt{x}-3=116\) hoặc \(2x+3\sqrt{x}-3=-116\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3\sqrt{x}-119=0\) hoặc \(2x+3\sqrt{x}+113=0\)

Với \(2x+3\sqrt{x}-119=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-7\right)\cdot\left(2\sqrt{x}+17\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=7\\\sqrt{x}=-\dfrac{17}{2}\left(vô.lý\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=49\)

Với \(2x+3\sqrt{x}+113=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow PTVN\) (Phương trình vô nghiệm).

\(\Rightarrow\) Vậy \(S=\left\{49\right\}\)

\(x^2-\dfrac{4}{x^2}-4x+\dfrac{8}{x}=9\left(ĐK:x\ne0\right)\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^4-4}{x^2}+\dfrac{-4x^2+8}{x}=9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^4-4-4x^3+8x}{x^2}=9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-4x^3+8x-4=9x^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-4x^3-9x^2+8x-4=0\) 

"Sử dụng máy tính cầm tay để tính nghiệm (do phương trình này không có nghiệm nguyên và cũng không phân tích thanh nhân tử được)"

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\approx5,415\\x\approx-2,184\end{matrix}\right.\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy: ....

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy+3y^2+x=3\\x^2+xy-2y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(y+1\right)+3y^2-3=0\\x^2+xy-2y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(y+1\right)+3\left(y+1\right)\left(y-1\right)=0\\x^2+xy-2y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(y+1\right)\left(x+3y-3\right)=0\\x^2+xy-2y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=3-3y\end{matrix}\right.\\x^2+xy-2y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

+) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x^2+x\cdot\left(-1\right)-2\cdot\left(-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x^2-x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left\{\left(2;-1\right);\left(-1;-1\right)\right\}\) 

+) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3-3y\\\left(3-3y\right)^2+\left(3-3y\right)\cdot y-2y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3-3y\\9-18y+9y^2+3y-3y^2-2y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3-3y\\4y^2-15y+9=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3-3y\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=3\\y=\dfrac{3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) 

Với \(y=3\Rightarrow x=-6\)

Với \(y=\dfrac{3}{4}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Vậy: \(\left(x;y\right)=\left\{\left(2;-1\right);\left(-1;-1\right);\left(3;-6\right);\left(\dfrac{3}{4};\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\right\}\)

a) BĐT cần chứng minh \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2y+b^2x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{x+y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2xy+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2xy\ge xya^2+2abxy+xyb^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2-2abxy+b^2x^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy ta có đpcm. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(ay=bx\)

b) Ta có \(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{4b^2a+a}+\dfrac{b^2}{4a^2b+b}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4ab\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+b\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2+a+b}\) (vì \(4ab=a+b\))

\(=\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+1}\)

Đặt \(t=a+b\left(t>0\right)\) thì suy ra \(VT\ge\dfrac{t}{t+1}\)

Do \(4ab=a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow ab\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Nên \(a+b\ge1\) \(\Rightarrow t\ge1\)

Ta cần tìm GTNN của \(T=\dfrac{t}{t+1}\) với \(t\ge1\)

\(T=\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{t}}\)

Ta có \(t\ge1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{t}\le1\Leftrightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{t}\le2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{t}}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy \(T\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{4b^2a+a}=\dfrac{b}{4a^2b+b}\) và \(t=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a^3b+ab=4b^3a+ab\) và \(a+b=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\) và \(a+b=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy ta có đpcm. Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(a=\dfrac{2009}{\left(\dfrac{2009}{9999}\right)}+\dfrac{2009}{\left(\dfrac{2009}{99990}\right)}+\dfrac{2009}{\left(\dfrac{2009}{999900}\right)}\)

\(=9999+99990+999900\)

\(=9999.111\)

\(=9.111.1111=3^2.3.37.11.101\)

\(=3^3.11.37.101\)