Giải các phương trình:
a) \(\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}{3}+2=x\left(1-x\right);\) b) \(\dfrac{x+2}{x-5}+3=\dfrac{6}{2-x};\)
c) \(\dfrac{4}{x+1}=\dfrac{-x^2-x+2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}.\)
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ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{-1;-2;-3;-4\right\}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x+2}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}-\dfrac{1}{x+3}+\dfrac{1}{x+3}-\dfrac{1}{x+4}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x+4}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+4}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)}-\dfrac{x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+4-x-1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+5x+4}{6\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{18}{6\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+5x+4}{6\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)
Suy ra: \(x^2+5x+4=18\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x-14=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+7x-2x-14=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+7\right)-2\left(x+7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+7\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+7=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-7\left(nhận\right)\\x=2\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={-7;2}
b)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{2;3;\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x+4}{2x^2-5x+2}+\dfrac{x+1}{2x^2-7x+3}=\dfrac{2x+5}{2x^2-7x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+4}{\left(x-2\right)\left(2x-1\right)}+\dfrac{x+1}{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-1\right)}=\dfrac{2x+5}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+4\right)\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(2x+5\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
Suy ra: \(x^2-3x+4x-12+x^2-2x+x-2=2x^2-4x+5x-10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-14=2x^2+x-10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-14-2x^2-x+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x=4\)
hay x=-4(nhận)
Vậy: S={-4}
\(1,\) thiếu đề
\(2,\dfrac{5x+2}{6}-\dfrac{8x-1}{3}=\dfrac{4x+2}{5}-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5\left(5x+2\right)}{30}-\dfrac{10\left(8x-1\right)}{30}=\dfrac{6\left(4x+2\right)}{30}-\dfrac{150}{30}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(5x+2\right)-10\left(8x-1\right)=6\left(4x+2\right)-150\)
\(\Leftrightarrow25x+10-80x+10=24x+12-150\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-55x+20=24x-138\)
\(\Leftrightarrow24x-138+55x-20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow79x-158=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(3,ĐKXĐ:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne1\\x\ne-1\\x\ne3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \dfrac{x}{2x-6}+\dfrac{x}{2x-2}=\dfrac{-2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(3-x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{x}{2\left(x-1\right)}+\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(3-x\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{x}{2\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\dfrac{1}{2\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}-\dfrac{4\left(x-1\right)}{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\dfrac{x^2-1}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{x^2-2x-3}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}-\dfrac{4x-4}{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x.\dfrac{x^2-1+x^2-2x-3-4x+4}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x.\dfrac{2x^2-6x}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x.\dfrac{2x\left(x-3\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x.\dfrac{x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
a:
ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{\dfrac{3}{2};1\right\}\)
\(y=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(2x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x^2-4x+4}{2x^2-2x-3x+3}\)
=>\(y=\dfrac{x^2-4x+4}{2x^2-5x+3}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{\left(x^2-4x+4\right)'\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)'}{\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{\left(2x-4\right)\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)-\left(2x-5\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)}{\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{4x^3-10x^2+6x-8x^2+20x-12-2x^3+8x^2-8x+5x^2-20x+20}{\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{2x^3-5x^2-2x+8}{\left(2x^2-5x+3\right)^2}\)
b:
ĐKXĐ: x<>-3
\(y=\left(x+3\right)+\dfrac{4}{x+3}\)
=>\(y'=\left(x+3+\dfrac{4}{x+3}\right)'=1+\left(\dfrac{4}{x+3}\right)'\)
\(=1+\dfrac{4'\left(x+3\right)-4\left(x+3\right)'}{\left(x+3\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=1+\dfrac{-4}{\left(x+3\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2-4}{\left(x+3\right)^2}\)
y'=0
=>\(\left(x+3\right)^2-4=0\)
=>\(\left(x+3+2\right)\left(x+3-2\right)=0\)
=>(x+5)(x+1)=0
=>x=-5 hoặc x=-1
c:
ĐKXĐ: x<>-2
\(y=\dfrac{\left(5x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x+2}\)
=>\(y=\dfrac{5x^2+5x-x-1}{x+2}=\dfrac{5x^2+4x-1}{x+2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{\left(5x^2+4x-1\right)'\left(x+2\right)-\left(5x^2+4x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)'}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{\left(5x+4\right)\left(x+2\right)-\left(5x^2+4x-1\right)}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{5x^2+10x+4x+8-5x^2-4x+1}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=\dfrac{10x+9}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
\(y'\left(-1\right)=\dfrac{10\cdot\left(-1\right)+9}{\left(-1+2\right)^2}=\dfrac{-1}{1}=-1\)
d:
ĐKXĐ: x<>2
\(y=x-2+\dfrac{9}{x-2}\)
=>\(y'=\left(x-2+\dfrac{9}{x-2}\right)'=1+\left(\dfrac{9}{x-2}\right)'\)
\(=1+\dfrac{9'\left(x-2\right)-9\left(x-2\right)'}{\left(x-2\right)^2}\)
=>\(y'=1+\dfrac{-9}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2-9}{\left(x-2\right)^2}\)
y'=0
=>\(\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2-9}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=0\)
=>\(\left(x-2\right)^2-9=0\)
=>(x-2-3)(x-2+3)=0
=>(x-5)(x+1)=0
=>x=5 hoặc x=-1
1a.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\left\{1;3\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6}{x-1}=\dfrac{4}{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{x-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{x-1}=\dfrac{4}{x-3}\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-3\right)=4\left(x-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-9=4x-4\Rightarrow x=-5\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\left\{-1;2\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x+1}=\dfrac{3}{2-x}+\dfrac{1}{2-x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x+1}=\dfrac{4}{2-x}\Leftrightarrow5\left(2-x\right)=4\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10-2x=4x+4\Leftrightarrow6x=6\Rightarrow x=1\)
1c.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\left\{2;5\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3x\left(x-5\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-5\right)}-\dfrac{x\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-5\right)}=\dfrac{-3x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-5\right)-x\left(x-2\right)=-3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-10x=0\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-5\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=5\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
2a.
\(\Leftrightarrow-4x^2-5x+6=x^2+4x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+9x-2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
2b.
\(2x^2-6x+1=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{3\pm\sqrt{7}}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{2x-1}{x+1}-2< 0.\left(x\ne-1\right).\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-1-2x-2}{x+1}< 0.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-3}{x+1}< 0.\)
Mà \(-3< 0.\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1>0.\Leftrightarrow x>-1\left(TMĐK\right).\)
\(\dfrac{x^2-2x+5}{x-2}-x+1\ge0.\left(x\ne2\right).\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-2x+5-x^2+2x+x-2}{x-2}\ge0.\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+3}{x-2}\ge0.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3\ge0.\\x-2\ge0.\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3\le0.\\x-2\le0.\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-3.\\x\ge2.\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le-3.\\x\le2.\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2.\\x\le-3.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ.
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>2.\\x\le-3.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{\left(1+2x\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(2x+3\right)\left(1-x\right)}\le0.\left(x\ne1;x\ne\dfrac{-3}{2}\right).\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{\left(1+2x\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(2x+3\right)\left(1-x\right)}=f\left(x\right).\)
Ta có bảng sau:
\(x\) | \(-\infty\) \(-\dfrac{3}{2}\) \(-\dfrac{1}{2}\) \(1\) \(2\) \(+\infty\) |
\(1+2x\) | - | - 0 + | + | + |
\(x-2\) | - | - | - | - 0 + |
\(2x+3\) | - 0 + | + | + | + |
\(1-x\) | + | + | + 0 - | - |
\(f\left(x\right)\) | - || + 0 - || + 0 - |
Vậy \(f\left(x\right)\ge0.\Leftrightarrow x\in\left(\dfrac{-3}{2};\dfrac{-1}{2}\right)\cup\)(1;2].
\(1,\dfrac{5x-1}{3}-1=2x+3\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5x-4}{3}=2x+3\\ \Leftrightarrow5x-4=3\left(2x+3\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow5x-4=6x+9\\ \Leftrightarrow6x+9-5x+4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+13=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-13\)
\(2,16x^2-3=\left(4x-3\right)\left(5x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow16x^2-3=20x^2-15x+4x-3\\ \Leftrightarrow16x^2-3=20x^2-11x-3\\ \Leftrightarrow20x^2-11x-3-16x^2+3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4x^2-11x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(4x-11\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{11}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(3,ĐKXĐ:x\ne\pm2\\ \dfrac{x-2}{x+2}-\dfrac{3}{x-2}=\dfrac{-x\left(15-x\right)}{x^2-4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2-3\left(x+2\right)}{x^2-4}=\dfrac{x^2-15x}{x^2-4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2-3\left(x+2\right)=x^2-15x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4-3x-6-x^2+15x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow8x-2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(tm\right)\)
\(a,\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x^2-3\right)}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x^2-3\right)=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1-x^2+3=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4-2x=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-5}{2}\)
\(b,\dfrac{x+3}{x}+\dfrac{x-3}{x-2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-2\right)}{x\left(x-2\right)}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-2\right)=2x\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-8x+6=2x^2-4x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4x=-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1,5\)
\(\dfrac{x}{2\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{x}{2x+2}=\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}\text{ĐKXĐ:}x\ne3;-1;\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{x}{2\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)}{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)}{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{2.2x}{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}MTC:2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+x+x^2-3x=4x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x=4x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x-4x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-6x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=3\left(\text{loại}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\text{Vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm là }S=\left\{0\right\}\)
\(\dfrac{x}{2\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{x}{2x+2}=\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}\left(x\ne1;x\ne3\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x.\left(x+1\right)+x.\left(x-3\right)}{2\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{4x}{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}\\ \Rightarrow x^2+x+x^2-3x=4x\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x-4x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x-3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=3\)
loại
Vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm S={\(\varnothing\)}
a) + 2 = x(1 - x)
⇔ x2 – 9 + 6 = 3x – 3x2
⇔ 4x2 – 3x – 3 = 0; ∆ = 57
x1 = , x2 =
b) + 3 = . Điều kiện x ≠ 2, x ≠ 5.
(x + 2)(2 – x) + 3(x – 5)(2 – x) = 6(x – 5)
⇔ 4 – x2 – 3x2 + 21x – 30 = 6x – 30 ⇔ 4x2 – 15x – 4 = 0
∆ = 225 + 64 = 289, √∆ = 17
x1 = , x2 = 4
c) = . Điều kiện: x ≠ -1; x ≠ -2
Phương trình tương đương: 4(x + 2) = -x2 – x + 2
⇔ 4x + 8 = 2 – x2 – x
⇔ x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
Giải ra ta được: x1 = -2 không thỏa mãn điều kiện của ẩn nên phương trình chỉ có một nghiệm x = -3.
a) + 2 = x(1 - x)
⇔ x2 – 9 + 6 = 3x – 3x2
⇔ 4x2 – 3x – 3 = 0; ∆ = 57
x1 = , x2 =
b) + 3 = . Điều kiện x ≠ 2, x ≠ 5.
(x + 2)(2 – x) + 3(x – 5)(2 – x) = 6(x – 5)
⇔ 4 – x2 – 3x2 + 21x – 30 = 6x – 30 ⇔ 4x2 – 15x – 4 = 0
∆ = 225 + 64 = 289, √∆ = 17
x1 = , x2 = 4
c) = . Điều kiện: x ≠ -1; x ≠ -2
Phương trình tương đương: 4(x + 2) = -x2 – x + 2
⇔ 4x + 8 = 2 – x2 – x
⇔ x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
Giải ra ta được: x1 = -2 không thỏa mãn điều kiện của ẩn nên phương trình chỉ có một nghiệm x = -3.
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