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Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)
Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:
1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)
bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko
Ta có :
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{2ab}{2cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2+2ab}{c^2+d^2+2cd}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}=\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}-\frac{2ab}{2cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2-2ab}{c^2+d^2-2cd}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) suy ra : \(\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2\)
TH1 : \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c+d\right)+\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{a}{b}\left(3\right)\)
\(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c+d\right)-\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2b}{2d}=\frac{b}{d}\left(4\right)\)
từ ( 3 ) và ( 4 ) suy ra : \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\text{ hay }\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
TH2 : \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{b-a}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-a\right)}{\left(c+d\right)+\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2b}{2c}=\frac{b}{c}\left(5\right)\)
\(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{b-a}{c-d}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)-\left(b-a\right)}{\left(c+d\right)-\left(c-d\right)}=\frac{2a}{2d}=\frac{a}{d}\left(6\right)\)
Từ ( 5 ) và ( 6 ) suy ra : \(\frac{b}{c}=\frac{a}{d}\text{ hay }\frac{a}{b}=\frac{d}{c}\)
Vậy : \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\text{ thì }\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\\\frac{a}{b}=\frac{d}{c}\end{cases}}\)
kinh quá
\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=k\Rightarrow x=2k;y=5k\Rightarrow x.y=2k.5k=10\Rightarrow10k^2=10\Rightarrow k^2=1\Rightarrow k\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
k=1 thì \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=1\Rightarrow x=2;y=5\)
k=-1 thì \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=-1\Rightarrow x=-2;y=-5\)
1.
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\Leftrightarrow ab+ad< ad+bc\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow bc>ad\Leftrightarrow bc+cd>ad+cd\Leftrightarrow c\left(b+d\right)>d\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{c}{d}>\frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
2.
Ta có: a(b + n) = ab + an (1)
b(a + n) = ab + bn (2)
Trường hợp 1: nếu a < b mà n > 0 thì an < bn (3)
Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra a(b + n) < b(a + n) => \(\frac{a}{n}< \frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Trường hợp 2: nếu a > b mà n > 0 thì an > bn (4)
Từ (1),(2),(4) suy ra a(b + n) > b(a + n) => \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Trường hợp 3: nếu a = b thì \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}=1\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)cd=ab\left(c^2+d^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2cd+b^2cd=abc^2+abd^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2cd-abd^2\right)+\left(b^2cd-abc^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad\left(ac-bd\right)-bc\left(ac-bd\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ac-bd\right)\left(ad-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}ac=bd\\ad=bc\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\\\frac{a}{b}=\frac{d}{c}\end{cases}}\) (đpcm)
3) Đặt b+c=x;c+a=y;a+b=z.
=>a=(y+z-x)/2 ; b=(x+z-y)/2 ; c=(x+y-z)/2
BĐT cần CM <=> \(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
VT=\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}-1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}-1+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)-3\right]\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)(Cauchy)
Dấu''='' tự giải ra nhá
Bài 4
dễ chứng minh \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab;\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc;\left(a+c\right)^2\ge4ac\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\ge64a^2b^2c^2\)
rồi khai căn ra \(\Rightarrow\)dpcm.
đấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)
