Cho 3 số ko âm x,y,z thỏa mãn phương trình
\(\hept{\begin{cases}2x+y+3z=6\\3x+4y-3z=4\end{cases}}\)
Tìm GTNN và GTLN của BT P= 2x+3y-4z
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\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^3-3x-2=2-y\\y^3-3y-2=4-2z\\z^3-3z-2=6-3x\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^3-x-2x-2=2-y\\y^3-y-2y-2=2\left(2-z\right)\\z^3-z-2z-2=3\left(2-x\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\left(x^2-1\right)-2\left(x+1\right)=2-y\\y\left(y^2-1\right)-2\left(y+1\right)=2\left(2-z\right)\\z\left(z^2-1\right)-2\left(z+1\right)=3\left(2-x\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+1\right)\left[x\left(x-1\right)-2\right]=2-y\\\left(y+1\right)\left[y\left(y-1\right)-2\right]=2\left(2-z\right)\\\left(z+1\right)\left[z\left(z-1\right)-2\right]=3\left(2-x\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x-2\right)=2-y\\\left(y+1\right)\left(y^2-y-2\right)=2\left(2-z\right)\\\left(z+1\right)\left(z^2-z-2\right)=3\left(2-x\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x-2\right)=2-y\\\left(y+1\right)^2\left(y-2\right)=2\left(2-z\right)\\\left(z+1\right)^2\left(z-2\right)=3\left(2-x\right)\end{cases}}\)
Nhân các vế của 3 phương trình với nhau ta được:
\(\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x-2\right)\left(y+1\right)^2\left(y-2\right)\left(z+1\right)^2\left(z-2\right)=6\left(2-y\right)\left(2-z\right)\left(2-x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(y-2\right)\left(z-2\right)\left(x+1\right)^2\left(y+1\right)^2\left(z+1\right)^2=-6\left(y-2\right)\left(z-2\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(y-2\right)\left(z-2\right)\left(x+1\right)^2\left(y+1\right)^2\left(z+1\right)^2+6\left(y-2\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(z-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(y-2\right)\left(z-2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2\left(y+1\right)^2\left(z+1\right)^2+6\right]=0\)
Vì \(\left(x+1\right)^2\left(y+1\right)^2\left(z+1\right)^2+6>0\)
Nên \(\left(x-2\right)\left(y-2\right)\left(z-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-2=0\\y-2=0\\z-2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=2\\z=2\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy x = y = z = 2
a)
\(x^3+y^3+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4\left(x+y\right)+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+3x^2+3x+1\right)+\left(y^3+3y^2+3y+1\right)+\left(x+y+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(y+1\right)^3+\left(x+y+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2\right]+\left(x+y+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2+1\right]=0\)
Lại có :\(\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2+1=\left[\left(x+1\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(y+1\right)\right]^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y+1\right)^2+1>0\)
Nên \(x+y+2=0\Rightarrow x+y=-2\)
Ta có :
\(M=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{-2}{xy}\)
Vì \(4xy\le\left(x+y\right)^2\Rightarrow4xy\le\left(-2\right)^2\Rightarrow4xy\le4\Rightarrow xy\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy}\ge\frac{1}{1}\Rightarrow\frac{-2}{xy}\le-2\)
hay \(M\le-2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=-1\)
Vậy \(Max_M=-2\)khi \(x=y=-1\)
c) ( Mình nghĩ bài này cho x, y, z ko âm thì mới xảy ra dấu "=" để tìm Min chứ cho x ,y ,z dương thì ko biết nữa ^_^ , mình làm bài này với điều kiện x ,y ,z ko âm nhé )
Ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}2x+y+3z=6\\3x+4y-3z=4\end{cases}\Rightarrow2x+y+3z+3x+4y-3z=6+4}\)
\(\Rightarrow5x+5y=10\Rightarrow x+y=2\)
\(\Rightarrow y=2-x\)
Vì \(y=2-x\)nên \(2x+y+3z=6\Leftrightarrow2x+2-x+3z=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+3z=4\Leftrightarrow3z=4-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow z=\frac{4-x}{3}\)
Thay \(y=2-x\)và \(z=\frac{4-x}{3}\)vào \(P\)ta có :
\(P=2x+3y-4z=2x+3\left(2-x\right)-4.\frac{4-x}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=2x+6-3x-\frac{16}{3}+\frac{4x}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x}{3}+\frac{2}{3}\ge\frac{2}{3}\)( Vì \(x\ge0\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=2\\z=\frac{4}{3}\end{cases}}\)( Thỏa mãn điều kiện y , z ko âm )
Vậy \(Min_P=\frac{2}{3}\)khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=2\\z=\frac{4}{3}\end{cases}}\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2-2x\sqrt{y}+2y=x\\y^2-2y\sqrt{z}+2z=y\\z^2-2z\sqrt{x}+2x=z\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x\sqrt{y}+2y+y^2-2y\sqrt{z}+2z+z^2-2z\sqrt{x}+2x=x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(y-\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(z-\sqrt{x}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-\sqrt{y}=0\\y-\sqrt{z}=0\\z-\sqrt{x}=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\sqrt{y}\\y=\sqrt{z}\\z=\sqrt{x}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=y=z=0\\x=y=z=1\end{cases}}\)