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Đặt a=100 (g)
Theo đề ta có các PTHH:
\(2K+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}K_2SO_4+H_2\)(1)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}MgSO_{4_{ }}+H_2\)(2)
\(2K+2H_2O\xrightarrow[]{}2KOH+H_2\) (3)
(K dùng dư nên cũng tác dụng với H2O)
Theo đề: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=100\times A\%=A\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{A}{98}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,05\times100}{2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2SO_4}=100-A\left(g\right)\)
=>\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{100-A}{18}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH(1),(2),(3) ta có:
\(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}+\dfrac{1}{2}\times n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{A}{98}+\dfrac{1}{2}\times\dfrac{100-A}{18}=\dfrac{A}{98}+\dfrac{100-A}{36}=2,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> A=15,8
Vậy nồng độ dung dịch H2SO4 là 15,8%
\(PTHH:\)
\(H_2SO_4+2K--->K_2SO_4+H_2\) \((1)\)
\(H_2SO_4+Mg--->MgSO_4+H_2\) \((2)\)
\(mH_2SO_4=\)\(\dfrac{C\%H_2SO_4.mddH_2SO_4}{100}\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{Aa}{100} (g)\)
\(=> nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{Aa}{100}.98=0,98Aa (mol)\)
\(nH_2=\dfrac{0,05a}{2} = 0,025a (mol)\)
Theo PTHH (1) và (2) \(nH_2SO_4=nH_2\)
\(<=> 0,98Aa=0,025a\)
\(<=> 0,98A=0,025\)
\(<=> A=39,2 \)
Vậy nồng độ phần trăm của dung dich \(H_2SO_4\) cần tìm là \(39,2\%\)
a)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
0,25-->0,25------------->0,25
=> VH2 = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6 (l)
b) \(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,3}=\dfrac{5}{6}M\)
c) \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,25}{3}\) => Fe2O3 dư, H2 hết
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
\(\dfrac{0,25}{3}\) <--0,25----->\(\dfrac{0,5}{3}\)
=> \(m=32-\dfrac{0,25}{3}.160+\dfrac{0,5}{3}.56=28\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
đb: 0,25
a) số mol của Zn là: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m_{Zn}}{M_{Zn}}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH, ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,25\cdot1}{1}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Thể tích của H2 ở đktc là: \(V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=n_{H_2}\cdot22,4=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
2 câu còn lại mk chịu
`Zn + H_2 SO_4 -> ZnSO_4 + H_2`
`0,25` `0,25` `0,25` `(mol)`
`n_[Zn]=[16,25]/65=0,25(mol)`
`a)V_[H_2]=0,25.22,4=5,6(l)`
`b)C_[M_[H_2 SO_4]]=[0,25]/[0,3]~~0,8(M)`
`c)`
`H_2 + 3Fe_2 O_3` $\xrightarrow{t^o}$ `2Fe_3 O_4 + H_2 O`
`1/15` `0,2` `2/15` `(mol)`
`n_[Fe_2 O_3]=32/160=0,2(mol)`
Ta có:`[0,25]/1 > [0,2]/3`
`=>H_2` dư
`=>m_[Fe_3 O_4]=2/15 . 232~~30,93(g)`
- pt: Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 +H2
- nHCl = ( 3,25 : 65 ) x 2 = 0,1 (mol)
V = 0,1 : 0,5 = 0,2 (l)
- gọi a là số mol cần tìm
- pt: 2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a -> 3/2a
Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
a -> a
- ta có : a + 3/2a = 0,05 => a = 0,02 (mol)
- C%Fe = ( 0,02 x 56)x100 / (0,02x56 + 0,02x 27) = 67,47%
- C% Al = 100 -67,47= 32,53%
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.27,375\%=54,75\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{54,75}{36,5}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
a ----> 2a --------> a -----> a
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
b ---> 2b -------> b ------> b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+56b=43,7\\a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd}=43,7+200-0,7.2=242,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.136}{242,3}=28,06\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{242,3}=10,48\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1,5-0,5.2-0,2.2\right).36,5}{242,3}=1,51\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_{\text{ 4 }}+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
gọi số mol Zn là x , số mol Fe là y
=> 65x+56y=43,7
=> a+b=0,7
=>a=0,5 , b =0,2
=> \(m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\\ m_{Fe}=43,7-32,5=11,2\left(G\right)\)
nZn = 13/65 = 0.2 (mol)
Zn + H2SO4 => ZnSO4 + H2
0.2......0.2..........................0.2
VH2 = 0.2*22.4 = 4.48 (l)
C%H2SO4 = 0.2*98/200 * 100% = 9.8 %
nCuO = 8/80 = 0.1 (mol)
CuO + H2 -to-> Cu + H2O
0.1......0.1...........0.1
=> H2 dư
mCu = 0.1*64 = 6.4 (g)
â) nZn=0,2(mol)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2
0,2_____0,2______0,2_____0,2(mol)
=> V(H2,đktc)=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
b) C%ddH2SO4= [(98.0,2)/200)].100=9,8%
c) nCuO=0,1(mol)
PTHH: CuO + H2 -to-> Cu + H2O
Ta có: 0,1/1 < 0,2/1
=> H2 dư, CuO hết, tính theo nCuO
=> nCu=nCuO=0,1(mol)
=>mCu=6,4(g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(0.25....0.25.......................0.25\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.25\cdot56=14\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.25}{0.1}=2.5\left(M\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2↑ + 2H2O
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{SO_2}=n_{Cu}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{20,8}.100=61,54\%\); \(\%m_{CuO}=38,46\%\)
b) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20,8-12,8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.2+0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5.98}{80\%}=61,25\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=0,3.160=48\left(g\right)\)
\(2Na+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(nH_2=\dfrac{0,05}{2}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
=>\(nH_2SO_4=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(mH_2SO_4=0,025.98=2,45\left(g\right)\)
- muốn tính C% H2SO4 cần thêm dữ kiện .