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1) \(\Sigma\frac{a}{b^3+ab}=\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{b}{a+b^2}\right)\ge\Sigma\frac{1}{a}-\Sigma\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}=\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}}+1\right)+\Sigma\frac{3}{2\sqrt{a}}-3\)
\(\ge\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-1\right)^2+\frac{27}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}-3\ge\frac{27}{2\sqrt{3\left(a+b+c\right)}}-3=\frac{3}{2}\)
dự đoán của mouri kogoro
a=b=c=1
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{\left(a^2+1\right)}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+1\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)4}}=1.\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{\left(B^2+1\right)}{4}\ge1\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+1}+\frac{\left(c^2+1\right)}{4}\ge1\)
\(VT+\frac{1}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{3}{4}\ge3\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\left(cosi\right)\)
\(VT+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\ge3\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{6}{4}=\frac{12-6}{4}=\frac{6}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Cách 1:
Do vai trò của a;b;c là như nhau, không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow3=ab+bc+ca\le3ab\Rightarrow ab\ge1\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+2}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}=1-\dfrac{a^2b^2-1}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}\)
\(\ge1-\dfrac{a^2b^2-1}{a^2b^2+2ab+1}=1-\dfrac{ab-1}{ab+1}=\dfrac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+c^2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{2}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow c^2+3-ab\ge3abc^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2+ac+bc\ge3abc^2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\ge3\)
Đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\ge\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách 2:
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+1-\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+1-\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2}{3a^2+3}+\dfrac{3b^2}{3b^2+3}+\dfrac{3c^2}{3c^2+3}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2}{2a^2+a^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{3b^2}{2b^2+b^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{3c^2}{2c^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+2c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+2a^2+bc}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\right)\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{2a^2bc+\left(bc\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(ca\right)^2}{2ab^2c+\left(ac\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{2abc^2+\left(ab\right)^2}\ge1\)
Đúng do:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=1\)
Sửa đề: Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn điều kiện abc=1. Chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}+\frac{1}{bc+c+2}+\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}=\frac{1}{ab+1+b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\) \(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{abc}{ab\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{bc+c+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{1}{a+1}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế các bđt trên ta được
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+1}{a+1}+\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{c+1}{c+1}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy bđt được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Không mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(c=max\left\{a,b,c\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow2c\ge a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow c\ge\frac{a+b}{2}\)
Từ giả thiết \(\Rightarrow a,b\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow ab\le1\)( *)
Đặt \(P=\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}-\frac{5}{2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}+\frac{1}{a+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}-\frac{5}{2}\)
Đặt \(S=\frac{1}{a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}}+a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}-\frac{5}{2}\)
Xét hiệu \(P-S=\)\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}+\frac{1}{a+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}-\frac{5}{2}-\)\(-\frac{1}{a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}}-a-b-\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{5}{2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\frac{ab+b^2+1-ab}{a+b}}+\frac{1}{\frac{a^2+ab+1-ab}{a+b}}-\frac{1}{\frac{\left(a+\right)^2+1}{a+b}}-\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{b^2+1}+\frac{a+b}{c^2+1}-\left(a+b\right)\left[1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(\frac{a+b}{b^2+1}+\frac{a+b}{c^2+1}-\left(a+b\right)\left[1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{b^2+1}+\frac{a+b}{c^2+1}\ge\left(a+b\right)\left[1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2+a^2+b^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{2+\left(a+b\right)^2}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2+b^2+a^2\right)\left[1+\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\ge\left[2+\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+2\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2+b^2\ge\left[2+\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\left(1+a^2+b^2+a^2b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+2\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2+b^2-2a^2b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a+b\right)^2a^2b^2\)\(-2-2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2a^2b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2a^2b^2+a^2+b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left[ab\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab-2\right]\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab-2\le0\)( do a,b \(\ge0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(1-ab\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)^2\le2c\left(a+b\right)\) (1)
Mà \(c\ge\frac{a+b}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2c\left(a+b\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
Ta có: \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge ab\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\left(1-ab\right)\ge0\)( đúng do (*) )
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\)đúng
\(\Rightarrow P-S\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge S\)
Ta phải chứng minh \(S\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}}+a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{5}{2}\) (2)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}\)
Ta có: \(1+\left(a+b\right)^2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-1\right)^2\ge0\)( đúng )
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}\ge2\)
=> (2) có dạng \(x+\frac{1}{x}\ge\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\ge0\)( đúng )
\(\Rightarrow S\ge0\)mà \(P\ge S\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\ge\frac{5}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=1\\ab+bc+ca=1\\ab\left[ab\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab-2\right]=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=c=1;b=0\\b=c=1;a=0\end{cases}}\)
Ta dễ có:\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}=\frac{a^2+1-a^2}{a^2+1}=1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\ge1-\frac{a^2}{2a}=1-\frac{a}{2}\)
Một cách tương tự \(\frac{1}{b^2+1}\ge1-\frac{b}{2};\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1-\frac{c}{2}\)
Khi đó: \(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge3-\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Cần chứng minh: \(3-\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\le3\)
Hình như có gì đó sai sai @@
Lời giải kia sai rồi :V Làm cách khác:
Ta có:\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}=\frac{a^2+1-a^2}{a^2+1}=1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\)
Tương tự rồi ta được:
\(LHS=3-\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\right)\)
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{3a^2+3}+\frac{b^2}{3b^2+3}+\frac{c^2}{3c^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta dễ có được:
\(\frac{4a^2}{3a^2+3}=\frac{4a^2}{3a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{\left(a+a\right)^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+2a^2+bc}\le\frac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{4b^2}{3b^2+3}\le\frac{b^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ca};\frac{4c^2}{3c^2+3}\le\frac{c^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+c}+\Sigma\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\Sigma\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)
Một cách khác ta dễ có được: \(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\le1\)
Done !