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a)
nNaOH = 0,04.1 = 0,04 (mol)
PTHH: NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O
0,04--->0,04
=> nHCl(pư với X) = 0,2.1 - 0,04 = 0,16 (mol)
Gọi số mol CuO, Fe2O3 là a, b (mol)
=> 80a + 160b = 4,8 (1)
PTHH: CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl2 + H2O
a----->2a
Fe2O3 + 6HCl --> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
b----->6b
=> 2a + 6b = 0,16 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,02; b = 0,02
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,02.80}{4,8}.100\%=33,33\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,02.160}{4,8}.100\%=66,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Chất rắn thu được gồm CuO, Fe2O3
Bảo toàn Cu: nCuO = 0,02 (mol)
Bảo toàn Fe: nFe2O3 = 0,02 (mol)
=> m = 0,02.80 + 0,02.160 = 4,8 (g)
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
nHCl = 0,3.0,3 = 0,09 (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,02<-0,06<------------0,03
CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl2 + H2O
0,015<-0,03
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,02.27=0,54\left(mol\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,015.80=1,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3\cdot0,3=0,09mol\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03mol\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,02 0,06 0,03
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(CuO\right)}=0,09-0,06=0,03mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=n_{HCl}=0,03mol\) (theo pt)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,03\cdot80=2,4g\)
\(m_{Al}=0,02\cdot27=0,54g\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,02 0,06 0,03
nHCl = 0,3.0,3 = 0,09 (mol)
nHCl (CuO) = 0,09 - 0,06 = 0,03 (mol)
CuO + 2HCl ---> CuCl2 + H2O
0,015 0,03
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,02.27=0,54\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,015.80=1,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
P/s: mình có thấy chị Hương Giang làm nhưng sai phần tính số mol của CuO "\(n_{CuO}=n_{HCl}\) (theo pt)"
PTHH: \(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot56}{13,6}\cdot100\%\approx27,45\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=72,55\%\)
b) Ta có: \(m_{CuO}=13,6-\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot56\approx9,9\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,9}{80}=0,12375\left(mol\right)\)
*Làm gì có H2SO4 loãng đâu nhỉ ??
B3:
Bài 3 người ta cho các kim loại sau đây là những kim loại nào thế?
B2:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\\ MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\\ Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+H_2O\\ Mg\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)MgO+H_2O\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=10\\40b=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{32}{135}\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{10}.100\%=36\%\)
Câu 1:
Gọi số mol NaCl, KCl là a, b (mol)
=> 58,5a + 74,5b = 6,81 (1)
\(n_{AgCl}=\dfrac{14,35}{143,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn Cl: a + b = 0,1 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,04 (mol); b = 0,06 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,04.58,5=2,34\left(g\right)\\m_{KCl}=0,06.74,5=4,47\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 2:
Gọi số mol MgCl2, KCl là a, b (mol)
=> 95a + 74,5b = 3,93 (1)
25ml dd A chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}MgCl_2:0,05a\left(mol\right)\\KCl:0,05b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nAgNO3 = 0,05.0,06 = 0,003 (mol)
=> nAgCl = 0,003 (mol)
Bảo toàn Cl: 0,1a + 0,05b = 0,003 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,01 (mol); b = 0,04 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,01.95}{3,93}.100\%=24,173\%\\\%m_{KCl}=\dfrac{0,04.74,5}{3,93}.100\%=75,827\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi số mol Fe2O3, CuO là a, b (mol)
nHCl = 0,3.2 = 0,6 (mol)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 6HCl --> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
a----->6a------->2a
CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl2 + H2O
b----->2b------->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2a}{b}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\6a+2b=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{9}{170}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{12}{85}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{9}{170}.160}{\dfrac{9}{170}.160+\dfrac{12}{85}.80}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{\dfrac{12}{85}.80}{\dfrac{9}{170}.160+\dfrac{12}{85}.80}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)