Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1860-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The common-sense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the nice balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
The word "rudimentary" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______________.
A. undeveloped
B. growing
C. necessary
D. uninteresting
1. The ice-covered sidewalk was slippery. Several people fell down.
=> The ice-covered sidewalk was slippery so several people fell down.
2. Some students ate in the cafeteria. Others went outside in the sunshine.
=> Some students ate in the cafeteria but others went outside in the sunshine.
3. The talk show host was silly. His show had a large audience.
=> The talk show host was silly but his show had a large audience.
4. We can go to a movie. We can watch a videotape at home.
=> We can go to a movie to watch a videotape at home.
5. Angel wrote a poem about his girlfriend. He did not show it to her.
=> Angel wrote a poem about his girlfriend but he did not show it to her.
6. Dark clouds gathered above the baseball field. Rain fell steadily.
=> Dark clouds gathered above the baseball field so rain fell steadily.
7. The bears stole all our food. We left the campground early.
=> The bears stole all our food because we left the campground early.
8. The bus stopped. The man got off.
=> The bus stopped so the man got off.