chứng minh rằng :
\(\left(a_1b_1+a_2b_2\right)^2\le\left(a_1^2+a^2_2\right)\left(b^2_1+b^2_2\right)\)
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Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1^2+a_2^2\ge2a_1a_2\\a_1^2+a_3^2\ge2a_1a_3\\...................\\a_{n-1}^2+a_n^2\ge2a_{n-1}a_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-1\right)\left(a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_n^2\right)\ge2\left(a_1a_2+a_1a_3+...+a_{n-1}a_n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_n^2\right)\ge2\left(a_1a_2+a_1a_3+...+a_{n-1}a_n\right)+\left(a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_n^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_n^2\right)\ge\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT căn trung bình bình phương ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a_1^2+a_2^2+....+a^2_n}{n}}\ge\dfrac{a_1+a_2+...+a_n}{n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_1^2+a_2^2+....+a^2_n}{n}\ge\left(\dfrac{a_1+a_2+...+a_n}{n}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_1^2+a_2^2+....+a^2_n}{n}\ge\dfrac{\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2}{n^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a_1^2+a_2^2+....+a^2_n\ge\dfrac{\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2}{n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(a_1^2+a_2^2+....+a^2_n\right)\ge\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2\)
Khi \(a_1=a_2=...=a_n\)
Do \(a_1;a_2;...a_n\in\left[0;1\right]\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le a_1\le1\\0\le a_2\le1\\...\\0\le a_n\le1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1\left(1-a_1\right)\ge0\\a_2\left(1-a_2\right)\ge0\\...\\a_n\left(1-a_n\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1\ge a_1^2\\a_2\ge a_2^2\\...\\a_n\ge a_n^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_n^2\le a_1+a_2+...+a_n\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(1+a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2\ge4\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+2\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)+\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2\ge4\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2-2\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(\left(a_1,a_2,...,a_n\right)=\left(0,0,..,1\right)\) và các hoán vị
\(\Delta'=\left(-2\right)^2-3.\left(-8\right)=4+24=28>0.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Pt có 2 nghiệm phân biệt \(x_1;x_2.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{2+2\sqrt{7}}{3}.\\x_2=\dfrac{2-2\sqrt{7}}{3}.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét hiệu \(\left(a_1+a_2+a_3\right)\left(b_1+b_2+b_3\right)-3\left(a_1b_1+a_2b_2+a_3b_3\right)\)
\(=a_1\left(b_1+b_2+b_3\right)+a_2\left(b_1+b_2+b_3\right)+a_3\left(b_1+b_2+b_3\right)-3a_1b_1-3a_2b_2-3a_3b_3\)
\(=a_1\left(b_1+b_2+b_3-3b_1\right)+a_2\left(b_1+b_2+b_3-3b_2\right)+a_3\left(b_1+b_2+b_3-3b_3\right)\)
\(=a_1\left(b_2+b_3-2b_1\right)+a_2\left(b_1+b_3-2b_2\right)+a_3\left(b_1+b_2-2b_3\right)\)
\(=a_1\left[\left(b_2-b_1\right)-\left(b_1-b_3\right)\right]+a_2\left[\left(b_3-b_2\right)-\left(b_2-b_1\right)\right]+a_3\left[\left(b_1-b_3\right)-\left(b_3-b_2\right)\right]\)
\(=a_1\left(b_2-b_1\right)-a_1\left(b_1-b_3\right)+a_2\left(b_3-b_2\right)-a_2\left(b_2-b_1\right)+a_3\left(b_1-b_3\right)-a_3\left(b_3-b_2\right)\)
\(=\left(a_1-a_2\right)\left(b_2-b_1\right)+\left(a_3-a_1\right)\left(b_1-b_3\right)+\left(a_2-a_3\right)\left(b_3-b_2\right)\)
Do giả thiết nên dễ thấy từng số hạng trên đều nhỏ hơn 0 nên tổng nhỏ hơn 0
=> ĐPCM
Dấu "=" khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a_1=a_2=a_3\\b_1=b_2=b_3\end{cases}}\)
BĐT Bunhyacopxki
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