Cho : A =\(a\sqrt{a}\) + \(\sqrt{ab}\) và B = \(b\sqrt{b}\) + \(\sqrt{ab}\) với a ;b > 0 . CMR nếu và đều là các số hữu tỉ thì A + B và A.B cũng là số hữu tỉ.
@Akai Haruma
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22 tháng 10 2023
a: ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a>0\\b>0\\a< >b\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(M=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{a+\sqrt{ab}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{ab}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{b}{a-\sqrt{ab}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{a+\sqrt{ab}}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{ab}}\cdot\dfrac{b\left(a+\sqrt{ab}\right)+\sqrt{b}\left(a-\sqrt{ab}\right)}{a^2-ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{a\left(a-b\right)}\cdot\dfrac{ab+b\sqrt{ab}+a\sqrt{b}-b\sqrt{a}}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{a\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\cdot\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{ab}+b+\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+b+\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1\right)+\sqrt{ab}+b+\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a+2\sqrt{ab}-2\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}+b+\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a+3\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{a}+b-\sqrt{b}}{2a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a+3\sqrt{ab}+b-\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{2a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{2a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{2a}\)
Giả sử như a=0,1 và b=0,11 thì M<0 nha bạn
=>Đề này sai rồia: ĐKXĐ:
b: \(M=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{a+\sqrt{ab}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{ab}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{b}{a-\sqrt{ab}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{a+\sqrt{ab}}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{ab}}\cdot\dfrac{b\left(a+\sqrt{ab}\right)+\sqrt{b}\left(a-\sqrt{ab}\right)}{a^2-ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{a\left(a-b\right)}\cdot\dfrac{ab+b\sqrt{ab}+a\sqrt{b}-b\sqrt{a}}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{a\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\cdot\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{ab}+b+\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+b+\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1\right)+\sqrt{ab}+b+\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a+2\sqrt{ab}-2\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}+b+\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a+3\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{a}+b-\sqrt{b}}{2a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a+3\sqrt{ab}+b-\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{2a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{2a\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{2a}\)
Giả sử như a=0,1 và b=0,11 thì M<0 nha bạn
=>Đề này sai rồi
B
11 tháng 7 2023
Đăt\(\sqrt{a}\)=x, \(\sqrt{b}\)=y (x,y>0)
=>xy+1=4y => 4y≥ \(2\sqrt{xy}\)=>\(2\sqrt{y}\)≥\(\sqrt{x}\)=> 4y≥x=> 4≥ \(\dfrac{x}{y}\)=> \(\dfrac{1}{4}\)≤\(\dfrac{y}{x}\)=>\(\dfrac{-1}{4}\)≥\(\dfrac{-y}{x}\)
Xét:A=(\(\dfrac{xy+y}{x+y}\)+\(\dfrac{xy+x}{y-x}\)+1):(\(\dfrac{xy+y}{x+y}\)+\(\dfrac{xy+x}{x-y}\)-1)
= \(\dfrac{-2y^2\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\).\(\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{2xy\left(x+1\right)}\)
=> A= \(\dfrac{-y}{x}\)≤\(\dfrac{-1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> xy=1 và x=4y <=> x=2, y=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\) <=> a =4, b=\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Vậy Max A =\(\dfrac{-1}{4}\) <=> a=4, b=\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)
6 tháng 7 2017
\(VT=\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)+b-\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}:\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}\right)}-\frac{a+b}{\sqrt{ab}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}:\frac{a\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)-b\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)-\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)}{\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}:\frac{a^2-a\sqrt{ab}-b^2-b\sqrt{ab}-a^2+b^2}{\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}.\frac{\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{-\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{ab}}=\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}=VP\)
Vậy đẳng thức được chứng minh
30 tháng 8 2022
a: \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{1}\)
\(=a-1\)
b: \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{ab}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{ab}}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+b+\sqrt{ab}-b}{\sqrt{a}\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\)
c: \(=\dfrac{a\sqrt{b}+b}{a-b}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+b^2-2b\sqrt{ab}}{a^2+2a\sqrt{b}+b}}\cdot\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{b}\left(a+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{b\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(a+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{b}\left(a+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{a+\sqrt{b}}=b\)
17 tháng 10 2021
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}-b\sqrt{b}}{a-b}-\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}-b\sqrt{b}-a\sqrt{a}+a\sqrt{b}+b\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+b\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(A+B=a\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}+b\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{ab}\)
\(=(\sqrt{a})^3+(\sqrt{b})^3+2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(=(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})(a-\sqrt{ab}+b)+2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(=(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})[(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})^2-3\sqrt{ab}]+2\sqrt{ab}\)
Ta thấy \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\in\mathbb{Q}; \sqrt{ab}\in\mathbb{Q}\) nên:
\((\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})[(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b})^2-3\sqrt{ab}]\in\mathbb{Q}\) và \(2\sqrt{ab}\in\mathbb{Q}\)
Do đó: \(A+B\in\mathbb{Q}\)
Mặt khác:
\(AB=\sqrt{a}(a+\sqrt{b}).\sqrt{b}(b+\sqrt{a})\)
\(=\sqrt{ab}(a+\sqrt{b})(b+\sqrt{a})\)
\(=\sqrt{ab}(ab+a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{ab})\)
\(=\sqrt{ab}(A+B)\)
Do $A+B$ là số hữu tỉ (cmt) và $\sqrt{ab}$ cũng là số hữu tỉ, nên \(AB\) là số hữu tỉ.
Bác Akai Haruma làm nhầm đoạn cuối. Chắc do học nhiều nên mệt. Mình đại diện các bạn khác tiếp sức cho bác.
\(AB=\sqrt{ab}\left(a+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(b+\sqrt{a}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{ab}\left(ab+a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{ab}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{ab}\left(ab-\sqrt{ab}+a\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}+b\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{ab}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{ab}\left(ab-\sqrt{ab}+A+B\right)\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A+B\in Q\\\sqrt{ab}\in Q\\ab\in Q\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow AB\in Q\)