Cho 122,5g dung dịch H2SO4 40% tác dụng hết CuO . Tính khối lượng muối thu được và khối lượng CuO
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2mol\)
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H2}so_4=^nCuO=0,2mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.98=19,6g\)
\(+)^mddH_2SO_4=\dfrac{^mH_2SO_4}{C\%}.100=196g\)
Đến đây thì bn bt lm chx ạ?
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(nCuO=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
=> CuO pứ đủ , H2SO4 dư
CuO+H2SO4 -> CuSO4+H2O
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(nH_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
c1:
\(m\left(muối\right)=mCuSO_4=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
c2:
\(mH_2O=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)
BTKL:
mCuO+mH2SO4 = m CuSO4+ mH2O
8 + (19,6-9,8) = m CuSO4 + 1, 8
=> mCuSO4 = 8 + ( 19,6 - 9,8 ) - 1,8 = 16 (g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2↑ + 2H2O
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{SO_2}=n_{Cu}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{20,8}.100=61,54\%\); \(\%m_{CuO}=38,46\%\)
b) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20,8-12,8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.2+0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5.98}{80\%}=61,25\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=0,3.160=48\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
nH2 = 1.12/22.4 = 0.05 (mol)
Fe + H2SO4 => FeSO4 + H2
0.05......................0.05......0.05
mCuO = 14.8 - 0.05 * 56 = 12 (g)
%CuO = 12/14.8 * 100% = 81.08%
nCuO = 12 / 80 = 0.15 (mol)
CuO + H2SO4 => CuSO4 + H2O
0.15..........................0.15
mFeSO4 = 0.05 * 152 = 7.6 (g)
mCuSO4 = 160 * 0.15 = 24 (g)
nH2 = 1.12/22.4 = 0.05 (mol)
Fe + H2SO4 => FeSO4 + H2
0.05......................0.05......0.05
mCuO = 14.8 - 0.05 * 56 = 12 (g)
%CuO = 12/14.8 * 100% = 81.08%
nCuO = 12 / 80 = 0.15 (mol)
CuO + H2SO4 => CuSO4 + H2O
0.15..........................0.15
mFeSO4 = 0.05 * 152 = 7.6 (g)
mCuSO4 = 160 * 0.15 = 24 (g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
$CuO + H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + H_2O$
$n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80} = 0,1 < n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,2.1 = 0,2$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư
Theo PTHH : $n_{CuSO_4} = n_{CuO} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{CuSO_4} = 0,1.160 = 16(gam)$
b)
$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,2 - 0,1 = 0,1(mol)$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4\ dư}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,2} = 0,5M$
$C_{M_{CuSO_4}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,2} = 0,5M$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=c\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=d\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 56a + 64b + 160c + 80d = 12,4(1)
BT e : \(2n_{SO_2} = 3n_{Fe} + 2n_{Cu}\)
⇒ 3a + 2b = \(2. \dfrac{2,8}{22,4} = 0,25\) ⇔ 8(3a + 2b) = 0,25.8 ⇔ 24a + 16b = 2(2)
Lấy (1) + (2),ta có :
80a + 80b + 160c + 80d = 12,4 + 2 = 14,4
Bảo toàn nguyên tố với Fe,Cu
2Fe → Fe2O3
a..............0,5a.........(mol)
Cu → CuO
b............b...............(mol)
Fe2O3 → Fe2O3
c....................c...............(mol)
CuO → CuO
d...................d................(mol)
Vậy :
\(m_Z = m_{Fe_2O_3} + m_{CuO} = 160(0,5a + c) + 80(b+d)\\ = 80a + 80b + 160c + 80d \\= 14,4(gam)\)
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2sO_4}=\dfrac{122,5\cdot40\%}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)=n_{CuO}=n_{CuSO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuSO_4}=0,5\cdot160=80\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,5\cdot80=40\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)