Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Tham khảo:
a) Ta có: \(\widehat {AMB} + \widehat {AMC} = {180^o}\)
\( \Rightarrow \cos \widehat {AMB} = - \cos \widehat {AMC}\)
Hay \(\cos \widehat {AMB} + \cos \widehat {AMC} = 0\)
b) Áp dụng định lí cos trong tam giác AMB ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}A{B^2} = M{A^2} + M{B^2} - 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB}\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2} = 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB}\;\;(1)\end{array}\)
Tương tự, Áp dụng định lí cos trong tam giác AMB ta được:
\(\begin{array}{l}A{C^2} = M{A^2} + M{C^2} - 2MA.MC\;\cos \widehat {AMC}\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} + M{C^2} - A{C^2} = 2MA.MC\;\cos \widehat {AMC}\;\;(2)\end{array}\)
c) Từ (1), suy ra \(M{A^2} = A{B^2} - M{B^2} + 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB}\;\)
Từ (2), suy ra \(M{A^2} = A{C^2} - M{C^2} + 2MA.MC\;\cos \widehat {AMC}\;\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(2M{A^2} = \left( {A{B^2} - M{B^2} + 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB}} \right)\; + \left( {A{C^2} - M{C^2} + 2MA.MC\;\cos \widehat {AMC}} \right)\;\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2M{A^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - M{B^2} - M{C^2} + 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB} + 2MA.MC\;\cos \widehat {AMC}\)
Mà: \(MB = MC = \frac{{BC}}{2}\) (do AM là trung tuyến)
\( \Rightarrow 2M{A^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} - {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} + 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB} + 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMC}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2M{A^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - 2.{\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} + 2MA.MB\;\left( {\cos \widehat {AMB} + \;\cos \widehat {AMC}} \right)\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2M{A^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - {\frac{{BC}}{2}^2}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} = \frac{{A{B^2} + A{C^2} - {{\frac{{BC}}{2}}^2}}}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} = \frac{{2\left( {A{B^2} + A{C^2}} \right) - B{C^2}}}{4}\end{array}\) (đpcm)
Cách 2:
Theo ý a, ta có: \(\cos \widehat {AMC} = - \cos \widehat {AMB}\)
Từ đẳng thức (1): suy ra \(\cos \widehat {AMB} = \frac{{M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{{2.MA.MB}}\)
\( \Rightarrow \cos \widehat {AMC} = - \cos \widehat {AMB} = - \frac{{M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{{2.MA.MB}}\)
Thế \(\cos \widehat {AMC}\)vào biểu thức (2), ta được:
\(M{A^2} + M{C^2} - A{C^2} = 2MA.MC.\left( { - \frac{{M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{{2.MA.MB}}} \right)\)
Lại có: \(MB = MC = \frac{{BC}}{2}\) (do AM là trung tuyến)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow M{A^2} + {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} - A{C^2} = 2MA.MB.\left( { - \frac{{M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{{2.MA.MB}}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} + {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} - A{C^2} = - \left( {M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} + {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} - A{C^2} + M{A^2} + {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} - A{B^2} = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 2M{A^2} - A{B^2} - A{C^2} + {\frac{{BC}}{2}^2} = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 2M{A^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - {\frac{{BC}}{2}^2}\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} = \frac{{A{B^2} + A{C^2} - {{\frac{{BC}}{2}}^2}}}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} = \frac{{2\left( {A{B^2} + A{C^2}} \right) - B{C^2}}}{4}\end{array}\)
a)
=> Ta có : \(\widehat{A}+\widehat{B}+\widehat{C}\) = 180o
100o + \(\widehat{B}+\widehat{C}\) = 180o
\(\widehat{B}+\widehat{C}\) = 180o - 100o
\(\widehat{B}+\widehat{C}\) = 80o
Góc B = (80o+50o):2 = 65o
=> \(\widehat{C}\) = 65o - 50o = 15o
Vậy \(\widehat{B}\) = 65o ; \(\widehat{C}\) = 15o
b)
Ta có : \(\widehat{3A}+\widehat{B}+\widehat{2C}\) = 180o
\(\widehat{3A}+\widehat{2C}\) = 180o - 80o
\(\widehat{3A}+\widehat{2C}\) = 100o
=> \(\widehat{A}\) = 100o:(3+2).3 = 60o
\(\widehat{C}\) = 100o - 60o = 40o
Vậy \(\widehat{A}\) = 60o ; \(\widehat{C}\) = 40o
Theo định lí sin: \(\frac{a}{{\sin A}} = \frac{b}{{\sin B}} = \frac{c}{{\sin C}} = 2R\quad (*)\)
+) Ta có: \(\hat A = {180^o} - \left( {\hat B + \;\hat C} \right) = {180^o} - \left( {{{60}^o} + {{45}^o}} \right) = {75^o}\)
\( \Rightarrow a = \frac{b}{{\sin B}}.\sin A = \frac{{10}}{{\sin {{60}^o}}}.\sin {75^o} \approx 11,154\)
+) \((*) \Rightarrow R = \frac{b}{{2\sin B}} = \frac{{10}}{{2\sin {{60}^o}}} = \frac{{10}}{{2.\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}}} = \frac{{10\sqrt 3 }}{3}.\)
+) Diện tích tam giác ABC là: \(S = \frac{1}{2}ab.\sin {\mkern 1mu} \hat C\) \( \approx \frac{1}{2}.11,154.10.\sin {45^o}\)\( \approx 39,44\)
+) Lại có: \(R = \frac{c}{{2\sin C}}\)\( \Rightarrow c = 2.\frac{{10\sqrt 3 }}{3}.\sin {45^o} = \frac{{10\sqrt 6 }}{3} \approx 8,165\)
\( \Rightarrow p = \frac{{a + b + c}}{2} \approx \frac{{11,154 + 10 + 8,165}}{2} \approx 14,66\)
\( \Rightarrow r = \frac{S}{p} \approx \frac{{39,44}}{{14,66}} \approx 2,7\)
