Cho x,y,z là các số thực dương thỏa mãn xy+yz+zx=1
Chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{1}{1+x^2}+\frac{1}{1+y^2}+\frac{1}{1+z^2}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^3\)
K
Khách
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19 tháng 8 2020
Đặt \(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
Do x,y,z là các số thực dương nên ta biến đổi \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{x^2}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{y^2}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{z^2}}}+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x^2};b=\frac{1}{y^2};c=\frac{1}{z^2}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)thì \(xy+yz+zx=\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}=1\)và \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+c}}+a+b+c\)
Biến đổi biểu thức P=\(\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{a+1}{16}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b+1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b+1}}+\frac{b+1}{16}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{c+1}{16}\right)+\frac{15a}{16}+\frac{15b}{16}+\frac{15c}{b}-\frac{3}{16}\)
Áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức Cauchy ta có
\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a+1}{64\left(a+1\right)}}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b+1}{64\left(b+1\right)}}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c+1}{64\left(c+1\right)}}+\frac{15a}{16}+\frac{15b}{16}+\frac{15c}{16}-\frac{3}{16}\)
\(=\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
Mặt khác ta có \(1=\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\Leftrightarrow abc\ge27\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{27}=\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\cdot9=\frac{21}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c hay \(x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
2 tháng 4 2020
Lời giải bài này khá dài, làm biếng gõ
Bạn lên google search "đề thi vào 10 chuyên khtn" nhé, đây là bài BĐT trong đề vòng 1 chuyên KHTN năm 2019
2 tháng 4 2020
Ta có:
\( 1 + {x^2} = \left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)\\ 1 + {y^2} = \left( {x + y} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)\\ 1 + {z^2} = \left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right) \)
Nên: \(\dfrac{1}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {z^2}}} = \dfrac{1}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)}} + \dfrac{1}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}} + \dfrac{1}{{\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}} = \dfrac{{2\left( {x + y + z} \right)}}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)}}\)
\( \dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {1 + {y^2}} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\sqrt {1 + {z^2}} }} = \dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}}\\ \dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {1 + {y^2}} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\sqrt {1 + {z^2}} }} \le \dfrac{1}{2}\left( {\dfrac{x}{{x + y}} + \dfrac{x}{{x + z}} + \dfrac{y}{{x + y}} + \dfrac{y}{{y + z}} + \dfrac{z}{{x + z}} + \dfrac{z}{{y + z}}} \right) \)
Mặt khác, áp dụng $Bunhia$ ta có:
\({\left( {\dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {1 + {y^2}} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\sqrt {1 + {z^2}} }}} \right)^2} \le \left( {x + y + z} \right)\left( {\dfrac{x}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{y}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{z}{{1 + {z^2}}}} \right) = M\)
Với \(M = \dfrac{{2\left( {x + y + z} \right)\left( {xy + yz + xz} \right)}}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}} = \dfrac{{2\left( {x + y + z} \right)}}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}}\)
Lại có:
\( VP = \dfrac{2}{3}{\left( {\dfrac{x}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{y}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{z}{{1 + {z^2}}}} \right)^3} = \dfrac{2}{3}{\left( {\dfrac{1}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {z^2}}}} \right)^2}\\ VP \le \dfrac{{4\left( {x + y + z} \right)}}{{3\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}}.\dfrac{3}{2} = \dfrac{{2\left( {x + y + z} \right)}}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}} = \dfrac{1}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {z^2}}} \)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {z^2}}} \ge \dfrac{3}{2}{\left( {\dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {1 + {y^2}} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\sqrt {1 + {z^2}} }}} \right)^2}\)
Dấu \("= "\) xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
KN
13 tháng 3 2021
Theo giả thiết xy + yz + zx = 1 nên ta có: \(VT=\frac{1}{1+x^2}+\frac{1}{1+y^2}+\frac{1}{1+z^2}=\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+z^2}=\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^2\le\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\right)=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^3\le\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)Ta cần chứng minh: \(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)
hay \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối đúng theo AM - GM do: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}.\frac{x}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}.\frac{y}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}.\frac{z}{z+y}}\le\frac{\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{z}{z+y}\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
TN
26 tháng 8 2016
Ta có:
\(1+x^2=xy+yz+zx+x^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
\(1+y^2=xy+yz+xz+y^2=\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(1+z^2=xy+yz+xz+z^2=\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
Thay vào A được:
\(P=x\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+y\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\)\(+z\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
\(=x\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(=x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=xy+xz+xy+yz+xz+zy\)
\(=2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(=2\)(do xy+yz+xz=1)
=>Đpcm
BT
26 tháng 8 2016
Dạng toán này rất nhiều bạn hỏi rồi: thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\) vào các căn thức rồi phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử.
24 tháng 3 2020
Theo bài ra ta có: \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}=1\Rightarrow x+y+z=xyz\)
Do:\(\sqrt{yz\left(1+x^2\right)}=\sqrt{yz+x^2yz}=\sqrt{yz+x\left(x+y+z\right)}=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{xy\left(1+z^2\right)}=\sqrt{\left(z+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\);
\(\sqrt{zx\left(1+y^2\right)}=\sqrt{\left(z+y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(A=\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{yz\left(1+x^2\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{y^2}{zx\left(1+y^2\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{z^2}{xy\left(1+z^2\right)}}\)
\(A=\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}.\frac{x}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{x+y}.\frac{y}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+z}.\frac{z}{y+z}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si \(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\), dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
Ta có \(\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}.\frac{x}{x+z}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)\);
\(\sqrt{\frac{y}{x+y}.\frac{y}{y+z}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{y}{y+z}\right)\);
\(\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+z}.\frac{z}{y+z}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{z}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}\right)\)
\(A\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{y}{y+x}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{z}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(A\le\frac{3}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
DH
24 tháng 3 2020
M giải thích cho t chỗ sao mà \(\sqrt{xy\left(1+z^2\right)}=\sqrt{\left(z+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\) đc vậy?
Với cả từ dòng này xuống dòng này nữa.
Sao mà tin đc dấu " = " xảy ra khi nào vậy?
15 tháng 1 2018
Từ \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(x+y+z=xyz\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{yz\left(1+x^2\right)}=\sqrt{yz+x^2yz}=\sqrt{yz+x\left(x+y+z\right)}=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
Tương tự : \(\sqrt{xy\left(1+z^2\right)}=\sqrt{\left(z+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}\); \(\sqrt{zx\left(1+y^2\right)}=\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}\)
Nên \(Q=\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(Q=\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}.\frac{x}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{x+y}.\frac{y}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+z}.\frac{z}{y+z}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\sqrt{A.B}\le\frac{A+B}{2}\left(A,B>0\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi A = B :
Ta được :
\(Q\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{y+x}+\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{z}{z+y}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy GTLN của \(Q=\frac{3}{2}\)khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
helloo
Ta có \(1+x^2=x^2+xy+yz+xz=\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT <=>
\(\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+...\right)\)
<=> \(\frac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\right)^3\)
<=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}\right)^3\)
<=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\right)^3\)(1)
Xét \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
<=> \(9\left[xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+2xyz\right]\ge8\left(xy\left(x+y\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+3xyz\right)\)
<=> \(xy\left(y+x\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)\ge6xyz\)
<=> \(x\left(y-z\right)^2+z\left(x-y\right)^2+y\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\)luôn đúng
Khi đó (1) <=>
\(\left(x+y+z\right).\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}.\sqrt{x+y+z}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+....\right)^3\)
<=> \(\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\)
Áp dụng buniacopxki cho vế phải ta có
\(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\le\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(3-xy-yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
=> BĐT được CM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)