Cho 11,2 gam Fe tác dụng vừa đủ với 100ml dung dịch HCl. Tính:
a) Thể tích H thoát ra (ở đktc)
b) Khối lượng muối tạo thành
c) Nồng độ mol của dd HCl ban đầu
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
nAl = 5.4 / 27 = 0.2 (mol)
2Al + 6HCl => 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0.2......0.6............0.2.......0.3
a) VH2 = 0.3 * 22.4 = 6.72 (l)
b) mAlCl3 = 0.2 * 133.5 = 26.7 (g)
c) VddHCl = 0.6 / 1.5 = 0.4 (l)
d) CMAlCl3 = 0.2 / 0.4 = 0.5 (M)
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1,5}=0,4\left(l\right)=400\left(ml\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a/ Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
nH2 = \(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: nH2 = nFe = 0,15 (mol) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=11-8,4=2,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{11}.100\%\approx76,4\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100-76,4\approx23,6\%\)
b/ Theo PTHH ta có: nHCl = 2nFe = 2.0,15 = 0,3 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(M\right)\)
c/ mHCl = 36,5 . 0,3 = 10,95(g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{m_{ddHCl}}.100\%=\dfrac{10,95}{200}.100\%=5,475\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{11}.100\%\approx76,36\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx23,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{200}.100\%=5,475\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
PTHH\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\)
tl............1................2.............2.............1.............1..(mol
br 0,1.................0,2......................................0,1(mol)
NaCl không phản ứng đc vsHCl
b)\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{MHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\)(đổi 400ml=0,4(l))
c)\(Tacom_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1.106=10,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{10,6}{20}.100=53\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%mNaCl=100\%-53\%=47\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(nFe=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
1 2 1 1 (mol)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 (mol)
m muối là mFeCl2
=> \(mFeCl_2=0,1.127=12,7\left(g\right)\)
\(VH_2=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(VHCl=100ml=0,1\left(l\right)\)
\(CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{nHCl}{VHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2M\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) CaCO3 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
b) \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
CaCO3 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
_0,1---->0,2------->0,1----->0,1
=> mCaCl2 = 0,1.111 = 11,1 (g)
=> VCO2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
c) \(a=C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5M\)
d) \(C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25M\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\a, 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{6}.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{6}.0,6=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ d,V_{ddAlCl_3}=V_{ddHCl}=0,3\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
\(Pt: Fe + 2HCl \rightarrow FeCl_2 + H_2\)
\(a.n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pt: \(nH_2 = nFe = 0,2 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)
\(b.n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25.4g\)
\(c.n_{HCl}=2nFe=0,4mol\)
\(C_MHCl=\dfrac{0,4}{0,1}=4M\)