Cho a, b, c khác 0 thỏa mãn : \(\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}=\frac{ca}{c+a}\) . Tính M=\(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
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\(\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}=\frac{ca}{c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}=\frac{ca}{c+a}=\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right)-\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{bc-ca}{\left(b+c\right)-\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{ab-ca}{\left(a+b\right)-\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}=\frac{ca}{c+a}=b=c=a\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=1\)
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Ta có \(\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a^2+a+1\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3-a+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3+1\ge a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3+ab+2\ge a+ab+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^4-a^3+ab+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^4-b^3+bc+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^4-c^3+ca+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\)
Cộng từng vế các bđt trên ta được
\(VT\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopski ta có
\(VT\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\right)}\)\(=\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{a}{abc+ab+a}+\frac{ab}{a^2bc+abc+ab}\right)}=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
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\(\frac{a+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b+ac}{c+a}+\frac{c+ab}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}{a+c}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{a+b}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô Si: \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự,cộng theo vế và rút gọn =>đpcm
\(\frac{a+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b+ac}{c+a}+\frac{c+ab}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}{a+c}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{a+b}\)
Áp dụng bđt CÔ si
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
.............
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(M=\frac{19a+3}{1+b^2}+\frac{19b+3}{c^2+1}+\frac{19c+3}{a^2+1}\)
\(=19a-\frac{19ab^2-3}{b^2+1}+19b-\frac{19bc^2-3}{c^2+1}+\frac{19ca^2-3}{a^2+1}\)
\(\ge19\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{19ab^2-3}{2b}-\frac{19bc^2-3}{2c}-\frac{19ca^2-3}{2a}\)
\(=19\left(a+b+c\right)-19\left(\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{bc}{2}+\frac{ca}{2}\right)+\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\ge19.3-\frac{19.3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{19.3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Lại có:
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge3\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\ge3\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=\frac{3.9}{3}=9\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\frac{19.3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}.3=33\)
\(\)
Từ \(\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}\Leftrightarrow\frac{abc}{ac+bc}=\frac{abc}{ab+ac}\Leftrightarrow bc=ab\Rightarrow a=c\)(1)
Tương tựi ta cũng có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\end{cases}}\)(2)
Từ (1);(2) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)Thay vào M ta được :\(M=\frac{a.a+a.a+a.a}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=1\)