Cho các số thực dương x, y, z sao cho xyz=1. Chứng minh rằng:
\(\frac{x-1}{y+1}+\frac{y-1}{z+1}+\frac{z-1}{x+1}\ge0\)
K
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KN
9 tháng 12 2020
Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow x=\frac{x+y+z}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{x^2+xy+xz}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2+1=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}}\le\frac{\frac{x+y}{y}+\frac{x+z}{z}}{2}=1+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}\le\frac{2+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}{x}=\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3.\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\)\(\le3.\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{xyz}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xyz}=\frac{\left(xyz\right)^2}{xyz}=xyz\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
VH
1 tháng 12 2019
Ta có:
\(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-xy\ge xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}\le\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\frac{1}{xy}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+xyz}\le\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\frac{1}{yz}\) ;\(\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+xyz}\le\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\frac{1}{zx}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+xyz}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=\frac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y+z\right)xyz}=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
Dấu \(=\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z>0\)
1 tháng 12 2019
Có BĐT phụ:
\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\Leftrightarrow a^3-a^2b+b^3-ab^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
Áp dụng
\(\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{x^3+z^3+xyz}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}+\frac{1}{yz\left(y+z\right)+xyz}+\frac{1}{zx\left(z+x\right)+xyz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{zx\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
27 tháng 2 2020
Từ giả thiết suy ra : \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=1\)
Nên ta có : \(\frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dấu " = " \(\Leftrightarrow y=z\)
Vậy \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự ta có :
\(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{4}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right);\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{4}{z}\right)\)
Vậy ta có :
\(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dấu " = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
Ta có :
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3\left(xy+yz+xx\right)=...=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2\right]\ge0\)
Nên \(\left(x+y+x\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(xyz\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\Rightarrow3\frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}\Rightarrow3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\le xyz\)
Vậy \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le xyz\)
Dấu " = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
27 tháng 2 2020
\(\frac{1+\frac{1}{2}.2.\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}\le\frac{1+\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2+5\right)}{x}=\frac{x}{4}+\frac{9}{4x}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{4xyz}=\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}=x+y+z=xyz\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
25 tháng 5 2018
\(x^4y+x^2y-x^2y=x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y.\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}=x^2y-\frac{x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}\\\frac{y^2z\left(y^2+1\right)-y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}=y^2z-\frac{y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}\\\frac{z^2x\left(z^2+1\right)-z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}=z^2x-\frac{z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}\end{cases}}Vt\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2z}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2x}{z^2+1}\right)\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1\ge2x\\y^2+1\ge2y\\z^2+1\ge2z\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}\ge\frac{x^2y}{2x}=\frac{xy}{2}\\\frac{y^2z}{2y}=\frac{yz}{2}\\\frac{z^2x}{2z}=\frac{xz}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)}\)
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2}\)
t chỉ làm dc đến đây thôi :))
27 tháng 5 2018
Từ \(VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)\)ta có:
\(x^2y+x^2y+y^2z=x^2y+x^2y+\frac{y}{x}\ge3xy\)(áp dụng BĐT Cauchy)
Tương tự : \(y^2z+y^2z+z^2x\ge3yz\); \(z^2x+z^2x+x^2y\ge3zx\)
Cộng vế theo vế suy ra : \(3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
1 tháng 11 2019
Ta có :
\(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}=\frac{2+\sqrt{4\left(1+x^2\right)}}{2x}\le\frac{2+\frac{4+1+x^2}{2}}{2x}=\frac{9+x^2}{4x}\)
tương tự : \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{9+y^2}{4y}\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{9+z^2}{4z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{\left(9+x^2\right)yz+\left(9+y^2\right)xz+\left(9+z^2\right)xy}{4xyz}\)
\(=\frac{9\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}{4xyz}\le\frac{9\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+\left(xyz\right)^2}{4xyz}=\frac{4\left(xyz\right)^2}{4xyz}=xyz\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi x = y = z = \(\sqrt{3}\)
