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Lời giải:
$D=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+......+\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}$
$4D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+....+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}$
Trừ theo vế:
\(3D=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 12D=4+1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
Trừ theo vế:
$9D=4-\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}$
$=4-\frac{6061}{4^{2019}}< 4$
$\Rightarrow D< \frac{4}{9}<\frac{4}{8}$ hay $D< \frac{1}{2}$ (đpcm)
B1:
\(A=\left(x+2020\right)^4+\left|y-2019\right|-2018\)
+Có: \(\left(x+2020\right)^4\ge0với\forall x\\\left|y-2019\right|\ge0với\forall y\\\Rightarrow \left(x+2020\right)^4+\left|y-2019\right|-2018\ge-2018\\ \Leftrightarrow A\ge-2018 \)
+Dấu "=" xảy ra khi
\(\left(x+2020\right)^4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-2020\)
\(\left|y-2019\right|=0\\ \Leftrightarrow y=2019\)
+Vậy \(A_{min}=-2018\) khi \(x=-2020,y=2019\)
\(\frac{x-1}{2019}+\frac{x-2}{2018}=\frac{x-3}{2017}+\frac{x-4}{2016}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x-1}{2019}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-2}{2018}-1\right)=\left(\frac{x-3}{2017}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-4}{2016}-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-2020}{2019}+\frac{x-2020}{2018}=\frac{x-2020}{2017}+\frac{x-2020}{2016}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-2020}{2019}+\frac{x-2020}{2018}-\frac{x-2020}{2017}-\frac{x-2020}{2016}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2020\right).\left(\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2016}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2020=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0+2020\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2020\)
Vậy \(x=2020.\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!
<=>[ (x-1)/2019] -1 +[(x-2)/2018]-1 = [(x-3)/2017]-1 +[(x-4)/2016] -1
<=> (x-2020)/2019 +(x-2020)/2018 = (x-2020)/2017 + (x-2020)/2016
<=> (x-2020)( 1/2019+1/2018-1/2017-1/2016)= 0
=> x-2020= 0 => x= 2020
\(D=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+\frac{4}{4^4}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4D-D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{2}{4^2}-\frac{3}{4^3}-\frac{4}{4^4}-...-\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\right)-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
Đặt \(M=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+\frac{1}{4^4}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4M-M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)
\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4^2}-\frac{1}{4^3}-\frac{1}{4^4}-...-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3M=1-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}< \frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow D< \frac{4}{9}=\frac{40}{90}< \frac{45}{90}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)