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\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a/ Từ BĐT ban đầu ta có:
\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\) (đpcm)
b/ Chia 2 vế của BĐT ở câu a cho 9 ta được:
\(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}=\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\) (đpcm)
c/ Cộng 2 vế của BĐT ban đầu với \(2ab+2bc+2ca\) ta được:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\ge3ab+3bc+3ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
d/ Áp dụng BĐT ban đầu cho các số \(a^2;b^2;c^2\) ta được:
\(\left(a^2\right)^2+\left(b^2\right)^2+\left(c^2\right)^2\ge a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\)
Mặt khác ta cũng có:
\(\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2\ge ab.bc+bc.ca+ab+ca=abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
a)Áp dụng Bđt Cô si ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
Cộng theo vế 2 bđt trên ta có:
\(3\ge\frac{3\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}+1\right)}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)\(\Rightarrow\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\)
Dấu = khi a=b=c
b)Áp dụng Bđt Cô-si ta có:
\(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc^2a}{ab}}=2c\)
\(\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca^2b}{bc}}=2a\)
\(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2ac}{ac}}=2b\)
Cộng theo vế 3 bđt trên ta có:
\(2\left(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge a+b+c\)
Đấu = khí a=b=c
hơn 1 năm rồi không ai làm :'(
a) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có :
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)(1)
\(b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\)(2)
\(c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\)(3)
Nhân (1), (2), (3) theo vế
=> \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}=8\sqrt{\left(abc\right)^2}=8\left|abc\right|=8abc\)
=> đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
1.
C/m bổ đề: \(a^3-b^3\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a^3-b^3\right)\) với \(\forall a,b\in R,a\ge b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^3-4b^3-\left(a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^3+3a^2b-3ab^2-3b^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
Theo bài ra: \(a^3-b^3\ge3a-3b-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) Cần c/m: \(\left(a-b\right)^3\ge12a-12b-16\)(1)
Thật vậy:
\(\left(1\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^3-12\left(a-b\right)+16\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a-b\right)^3-8\right]-12\left(a-b-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a-b\right)+4\right]-12\left(a-b-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a+b\right)-8\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)^2\left(a-b+4\right)\ge0\) (đúng với mọi a,b thỏa mãn \(a,b\in R,a\ge b\))
2.
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\frac{1}{\frac{c+d}{cd}}\le\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{cd}{c+d}\le\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab\left(c+d\right)+cd\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\le\)\(\frac{ab+ad+bc+cd}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{abc+abd+acd+bcd}{ac+ad+bc+bd}\le\frac{ab+ad+bc+cd}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad+ab+bc+cd\right)\left(ac+ad+bc+bd\right)\ge\)\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(abc+abd+acd+bcd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad\right)^2-2abcd+\left(bc\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad-bc\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng với mọi a,b,c,d>0)
a) Đặt: \(b+c=x;c+a=y;a+b=z\)
Có: \(x+y-z=b+c+c+a-a-b=2c\)
=> \(c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\)
Có: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
=\(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}-1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}-1+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\right)-3\right]\) (1)
Áp dụng bđt cô si ta có:
\(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\ge2;\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\ge2;\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\ge2\)
=> \(\left(1\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
b) Có: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}=\frac{\left(2a\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}{4\left(b+c\right)}\) (1)
VÌ: \(\left[2a-\left(b+c\right)\right]^2\ge0\)
=> \(\left(2a\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4a\left(b+c\right)\)
=> \(\left(1\right)\ge\frac{4a\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}=a\)
Hay: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge a\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}\ge a-\frac{b+c}{4}\) (2)
Tương tự ta cũng có: \(\frac{b^2}{c+a}\ge b-\frac{c+a}{4}\) (3)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge c-\frac{a+b}{4}\) (4)
Cộng vế với vế (2);(3);(4) ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge a+b+c-\left(\frac{b+c+c+a+a+b}{4}\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
d/ Đặt \(x=a+b\) , \(y=b+c\) , \(z=c+a\)
thì : \(a=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\) ; \(b=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\) ; \(c=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{\frac{x+z-y}{2}}{y}+\frac{\frac{x+y-z}{2}}{z}+\frac{\frac{y+z-x}{2}}{x}\)
\(=\frac{z+x-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}+\frac{y+z-x}{2x}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}-3\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}.6-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
b/ \(a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)\ge6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2b^2-2abc+c^2\right)+\left(b^2c^2-2abc+a^2\right)+\left(c^2a^2-2abc+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-c\right)^2+\left(bc-a\right)^2+\left(ca-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy bđt ban đầu dc chứng minh.
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-schwarz dạng engel ta có:
1. \(\frac{a^2}{a+2b}+\frac{b^2}{b+2c}+\frac{c^2}{c+2a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+2b\right)+\left(b+2c\right)+\left(c+2a\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+2b}=\frac{b}{b+2c}=\frac{c}{c+2a}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
2. \(\frac{a^2}{2a+3b}+\frac{b^2}{2b+3c}+\frac{c^2}{2c+3a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(2a+3b\right)+\left(2b+3c\right)+\left(2c+3a\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{5}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 1:
a)Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopski ta có:
\(3a^2+4b^2\ge\frac{\left(3a+4b\right)^2}{7}=7\)
b)Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopski ta có:
\(\left(3a^2+5b^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2+\left(-\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(2a-3b\right)^2=49\)
\(\Rightarrow3a^2+5b^2\ge\frac{735}{47}\)
c)Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopski ta có:
\(\left(7a^2+11b^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{7}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{5}{\sqrt{11}}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{7}}\cdot\sqrt{7}a-\frac{5}{\sqrt{11}}\cdot\sqrt{11}b\right)^2=64\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{274}{77}\left(7a^2+11b^2\right)\ge64\)
\(\Rightarrow7a^2+11b^2\ge\frac{2464}{137}\)
d)Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopski ta có:
\(\left(1^2+2^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+2b\right)^2=4\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{4}{5}\)
lần sau đăng ít thôi nhé