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Bài 13:
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,2---------------------------->0,3
=> VH2 = 0,3.24,79 = 7,437 (l)
b)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
0,3------->0,2
=> mFe = 0,2.56 = 11,2 (g)
a.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437l\)
b.\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,3 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2g\)
\(a.2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ b.n_{Na}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\\ c.H_2+CuO-^{t^o}\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\\ n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{1}\Rightarrow H_2dưsauphảnứng\\ n_{H_2\left(pứ\right)}=n_{CuO}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,15=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2\left(Dư\right)}=0,05.2=0,1\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(pthh:2Na+2H_2O->2NaOH+H_2\)
0,4 0,4 0,2
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(L\right)\\ m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(G\right)\)
nNa = 9.2/23 = 0.4 (mol)
2Na + 2H2O => 2NaOH + H2
0.4.........................0.4.......0.2
VH2 = 0.2 * 22.4 = 4.48 (l)
mNaOH = 0.4 * 40 = 16 (g)
mdd = 9.2 + 100 - 0.2 * 2 = 108.8 (g)
C% NaOH = 16 / 108.8 * 100% = 14.71%
PTHH: \(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH}=0,4\cdot40=16\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(saup/ứ\right)}=m_{Na}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=108,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16}{108,8}\cdot100\%\approx14,71\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,3 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12g\\ pthh:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,12}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)
=> Fe2O3 dư
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2g\)
a.\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,3 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
b.\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12mol\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,12 > 0,3 ( mol )
0,3 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2g\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:3H_2+Fe_2O_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,3}{3}< \dfrac{0,12}{1}\Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dư,H_2.hết\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
a) số mol của 19,5 gam Zn:
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Tỉ lệ : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
0,3-> 0,3 : 0,3 : 0,3
thể tích của 0,3 mol H2:
\(V_{H_2}=n.22,4=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b) số mol của 19,2 gam Fe2O3:
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(3H_2+Fe_2O_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
3 : 1 : 2 : 3
0,12-> 0,04 : 0,08 : 0,12 (mol)
Khối lượng của 0,08 mol Fe:
\(m_{Fe}=n.M=0,08.56=4,48\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl₂ + H₂
1 2 1 1 ( mol)
a):Số mol Zn: nZn = 19,5 ÷ 65 = 0,3 mol.
Theo PTHH => Số mol H₂: nH₂ = 0,3 × 1 ÷ 1 = 0,3 mol
=> Thể tích H₂ (đktc): V = n × 22,4 = 0,3 × 22,4 = 6,72 lít
b) PTHH: Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ --> 2Fe + 3H₂O
1 3 2 3 (mol)
*Lm tương tự nhưng thay vì tính thể tích thì tính KL Fe
nZn = 19.5/65 = 0.3 (mol)
Zn + 2HCl => ZnCl2 + H2
0.3................................0.3
VH2 = 0.3 * 22.4 = 6.72 (l)
nFe2O3 = 19.2/160 = 0.12 (mol)
Fe2O3 + 3H2 -t0-> 2Fe + 3H2O
Bđ: 0.12......0.3
Pư: 0.1........0.3..........0.2
Kt: 0.02.........0...........0.2
mFe = 0.2 * 56 = 11.2 (g)
Bài 1:
a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,12}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\), ta được Fe2O3 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)