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a, Ta có: 65nZn + 27nAl = 11,9 (1)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{9,916}{24,79}=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ mZn = 0,1.65 = 6,5 (g)
mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
b, Theo PT: nZnCl2 = nZn = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
⇒ m muối = 0,1.136 + 0,2.133,5 = 40,3 (g)
c, Theo PT: nHCl = 2nH2 = 0,8 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT (1): \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=m_{hh}-m_{Mg}=4,4-2,4=2\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:MgCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{MgCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{MgCO_3}=0,1\cdot84=8,4\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{8,4}{10,4}\cdot100\%\approx80,77\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{MgO}=100\%-80,77\%=19,23\%\)
\(b,m_{MgO}=10,4-8,4=2\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\sum n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MgCO_3}+n_{MgO}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{14,7}{9,8\%}=150\left(g\right)\\ \sum n_{MgSO_4}=\sum n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{MgSO_4}=0,15\cdot120=18\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{18}{10,4+150-0,1\cdot44}\approx11,54\%\)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,15 0,3 0,15
\(m_{Zn}=0,15\cdot65=9,75\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{9,75}{17,85}\cdot100\%=54,62\%\)
\(\%m_{ZnO}=100\%-54,62\%=45,38\%\)
b)\(m_{ZnO}=17,85-9,75=8,1\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1mol\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
0,1 0,2
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,3+0,2=0,5mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{0,5}{1}=0,5l=500ml\)
C32:
a, \(n_C=\dfrac{2,4}{12}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_C=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{NaOH}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=1,5\) → Pư tạo NaHCO3 và Na2CO3
PT: \(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
\(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{NaHCO_3}+n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2\\n_{NaOH}=n_{NaHCO_3}+2n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaHCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ mNaHCO3 = 0,1.84 = 8,4 (g)
mNa2CO3 = 0,1.106 = 10,6 (g)
c, \(C_{M_{NaHCO_3}}=C_{M_{Na_2CO_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(M\right)\)
Lần sau bạn đăng tách câu hỏi ra nhé.
C31:
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{14,6}.100\%\approx44,52\%\\\%m_{ZnO}\approx55,48\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{14,6-0,1.65}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}+2n_{ZnO}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{10\%}=146\left(g\right)\)
a) Theo đề bài: \(m_{Cu}=0,3\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a______2a______a_____a (mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b______b____b (mol)
Ta lập được hệ phươn trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=18,7-0,3=18,4\\a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,3\cdot24=7,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2\cdot56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) PTHH: \(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,3}{64}=\dfrac{3}{640}\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_2}\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3}{640}\cdot22,4=0,105\left(l\right)\)
a)
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_X = 24a + 56b = 0,3 = 18,7(gam)$
Suy ra a = 0,3 ; b = 0,2
$m_{Mg} = 0,3.24 = 7,2(gam)$
$m_{Fe} = 0,2.56 = 11,2(gam)$
b)
$Cu + 2H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + SO_2 + H_2O$
$n_{SO_2} = n_{Cu} = \dfrac{0,3}{64}$
$V = \dfrac{0,3}{64}.22,4 = 0,105(lít)$
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) (*)
Phương trình hóa học
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2 (**)
MgO + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2O (***)
b) Từ (*) và (**) ta có \(n_{Mg}=0,15\Leftrightarrow m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=10-3,6=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{3,6}{10}.100\%=36\%\)
\(\%MgO=\dfrac{6,4}{10}.100\%=64\%\)
c) Xét phản ứng (**) ta có \(m_{MgO}=6,4\left(g\right)\Leftrightarrow n_{MgO}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,16\left(mol\right)\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{HCl}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
Tương tự có số mol HCl trong phản ứng (*) là 0,3 mol
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,32+0,3}{0,2}=3,1\left(M\right)\)
d) Từ (1) ; (*) ; (**) ta có : \(n_{MgCl_2}=0,15+0,16=0,31\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,31.95=29,45\left(g\right)\)
e) \(C_M=\dfrac{0,31}{0,2}=1,55\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\)
0,2 0,1 ( mol )
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\\m_{C_2H_5OH}=16,6-12=4,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{12}{16,6}.100=72,29\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=100-72,29=27,71\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{4,6}{46}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_6H_{12}O_6\xrightarrow[men.rượu]{30^o-35^o}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2\)
0,05 0,1 ( mol )
\(m_{dd_{C_6H_{12}O_6}}=\dfrac{0,05.180.100}{15}=60\left(g\right)\)