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a. PTHH: \(KMnO_4\rightarrow^{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
b. \(H=100\%\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\frac{3,6}{158}=0,023mol\)
Theo phương trình \(n_{O_2}=0,5n_{KMnO_4}=0,046mol\)
\(\rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,0115.22,4.100\%=0,2576l\)
c. H = 80%
\(\rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,0115.22,4.80\%=0,20608l\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{51,2}{64}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\\ \left(mol\right)....0,8\rightarrow..0,4.....0,8\\ m_{CuO}=0,8.80=64\left(g\right)\)
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
a, \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
b, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)
c, \(H=\dfrac{18,36}{20,4}.100\%=90\%\)
\(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,4}{5}\Rightarrow O_2dư\)
\(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=\dfrac{5}{4}.0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,25=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{P_2O_5\left(lt\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{P_2O_5\left(lt\right)}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{P_2O_5\left(tt\right)}=0,1.142.80\%=11,36\left(g\right)\)
Bài 3 :
a) \(Theo-\text{đ}\text{è}-b\text{ài}-ta-c\text{ó}:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}nCu=\dfrac{51,2}{64}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\nCuO=\dfrac{48}{80}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có PTHH :
2Cu + O2 -t0\(\rightarrow\) 2CuO
Theo PTHH ta có : nCu = \(\dfrac{0,8}{2}mol>nCuO=\dfrac{0,6}{2}mol\) => nCu dư
b) Ta có : H = \(\dfrac{n\left(ch\text{ất}-thi\text{ếu}\right)}{n\left(ch\text{ất}-d\text{ư}\right)}.100\%=\dfrac{0,6}{0,8}.100\%=75\%\)
Vậy.......
\(a) 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ b) n_{H_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ n_{Al} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{Al} = 0,2.27 = 5,4(gam)\\ c) n_{HCl\ pư} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,6(mol)\\ n_{HCl\ đã\ dùng} = \dfrac{0,6}{80\%} = 0,75(mol)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,75.36,5}{54,75\%} = 50(gam)\)
a) PTHH: 2Cu + O2 ==(nhiệt)=> 2CuO
b) nCu = 6,4 / 64 = 0,1 (mol)
=> nO2 = 0,05 (mol)
=> VO2(đktc) = 0,05 x 22,4 = 1,12 lít
c) nCuO = nCu = 0,1 (mol)
=> mCuO = 0,1 x 80 = 8 (gam)
a) 2Cu + O2 ---> 2CuO
b) nCu = 6,4/64 =0,1 ( mol )
Theo PTHH : nO2 = 1/2 nCu = 0,1/2=0,05( mol )
VO2 = 0,05 x 22.4 = 1,12 ( l )
c)Theo PTHH : nCuO = nCu = 0,1 ( mol)
Khối lượng đồng oxit thu được sau phản ứng là : mCuO = 0,1 x 80 = 8 (g)
3/
\(n_{Cu}=\frac{5,12}{64}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\frac{48}{80}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
a) \(PTHH:2Cu+O_2\rightarrow2CuO\)
b) \(n_{Cu}=\frac{0,8}{2}>n_{CuO}=\frac{0,6}{2}\)
Vậy nCu dư
Ta có \(H=\frac{n\left(Chat-thieu\right)}{n\left(Chat-du\right)}.100\%=\frac{0,6}{0,8}.100\%=75\%\)
4/
\(n_{SO2}=\frac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a)\(2SO_2+O_2\rightarrow2SO_3\)
0,5_____0,25 ___0,5 (mol)
(Có V2O5 là chất xúc tác, chất xúc tác không có mặt trong PTHH )
b) \(H\%=80\%\rightarrow m_{SO3}=\frac{m_{SO3}thuc-te}{100}=\frac{50.80.80}{100}=32\left(g\right)\)
em cam on