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1.Tom wrote this report yesterday.
-> This report was written by Tom yesterday.
2.People plant a lot of flowers in Da Lat.
-> A lot of flowers are planted in Da Lat.
3.Our form teacher holds a class discussion every month.
-> A class discussion is held by our form teacher every month.
4.Miss Hoa teaches my sister English.
-> My sister is taught English by Miss Hoa.
5.People use milk for making butter and cheese.
-> Milk is used for making butter and cheese.
6.They have given Tom a present.
-> Tom has been given a present.
7.Does Mr. Green often take them to the cinema on Sundays?
-> Are they often taken to the cinema by Mr. Green on Sundays?
8.Do they hold a meeting every month?
-> Is a meeting held every month?
9.The weather has turned all the leaves yellow.
-> All the leaves yellow have been turned by the weather.
10.Have they asked you several questions?
-> Have you been asked several questions?
11.People play football all over the world.
-> Football is played all over the world.
12.People speak French and English in Canada .
-> French and English are spoken in Canada.
13.She is going to invite him to her birthday party.
-> He is going to be invited to her birthday party.
14.I don’t like people telling me what to do.
-> I don't like being told what to do.
15.No-one can do that work.
-> That work can't be done.
16.Who wrote it ?
-> Who was it written by?
17.Did you send her a present yesterday?
-> Was she sent a present yesterday?
18.The builders were building the new bridge when we came.
-> The new bridge was being built by the builders when we came.
19.He will open the shop tomorrow.
-> The shop will be opened tomorrow.
20.A famous writer wrote that book.
-> That book was written by a famous writer.
21.Jack won’t pay the bill.
-> The bill won't be paid by Jack.
22.Someone built this house in 1990.
-> This house was built in 1990.
23.My sister cleans the room everyday.
-> The room is cleaned by my sister everyday.
24.A lion killed Mary’s dog last week.
-> Mary’s dog was killed by a lion last week.
25.Does Tom always do his exercises carefully?
-> Is his exercises always done carefully by Tom?
26.Her mother doesn’t cook meals in the kitchen.
-> Meals aren't cooked in the kitchen by her mother.
27.The teacher punished Tom because of his laziness.
-> Tom was punished by the teacher because of his laziness.
28.Did Henry sing English songs beautifully?
-> Were English songs sung beautifully by Henry?
29.About thirty million people are watching this programme.
-> This programme is being watched by about thirty million people.
30.No-one has ever met him before.
-> He hasn't ever been met before.
31.People used oil-lamps years ago.
-> Oil-lamps were used years ago.
32.When did they open that hospital?
-> When was that hospital opened?
33.No-one has made any comments on that event.
-> Any comments haven't been made on that event.
34.What do they call the new hotel?
-> What is the new hotel called?
35.We must wash this kind of cloth in warm water only.
-> This kind of cloth must be washed in warm water only.
36.People consume gas faster than they produce it.
-> Gas is consumed faster than it is produced.
37.Nobody has seen him anywhere this week.
-> He hasn't been seen anywhere this week.
38.Did anyone see you come in?
-> Were you seen come in?
39.I remember that my father took me to town to see that film.
-> I remember that I was taken to town to see that film by my father.
40.Someone told him he could not take the examination.
-> He was told to be not able to take the examination.
41.The hosts gave us a very warm welcome
-> We were given a very warm welcome by the hosts.
Viết lại câu :164. It’s a six–hour drive from London to Edinburgh. It takes six hours to drive from LD to E._________________________________________________________________ 165. It’s ages since Alan visited his parents. Alan ____________hasn't visited his parents for ages._______________________________________________________
166. Mr. Will lost his job because he was late every day. If _______Mr. Will hadn't been late every day, he wouldn't have lost his job.
______________________________________________________________
167. The police made the youth empty his pocket. The youth ___________was made to empty the pocket by the police.___________________________________________________
168. Lawrence hasn’t seen his sister since she left for Japan. Lawrence last saw his sister when she left for JP.
___________________________________________________________
169. John is fat because he eats so many chips. If ________John didn't eat so many chips, he wouldn't be fat.
_____________________________________________________________
170. If Joe doesn’t change his way, he will end up in prison. Unless Joe changes his way, he will end up in prison.
_________________________________________________________________
171. Having a vacation abroad is interesting. It’s __________interesting to have a vacation.
__________________________________________________________ 172. The water was so cold that the children could not take a swim. The water wasn’t _________warm enough for the children to take a swim.
________________________________________________ 173. It’s two months since I last spoke to her. I haven’t _________________spoken to her for 2 months.
______________________________________________ 174. “Turn down the radio, Nam.” , his father said. Nam’s father ___________told him to turn down the radio.
_________________________________________________ 175. Lan will be seventeen next week. It’s ___________Lan's seventeenth birthday next week.
_________________________________________________________
176. How long is it since you bought the car ? When _________did you buy the car ?
_________________________________________________________
177. Nam began to collect stamps in 2000. Nam has ___________collected stamps since 2000.
____________________________________________________
178. We have lived here for 15 years. We started ___________living here 15 years ago.
___________________________________________________ 179. English and French are spoken in Canada. People _________________speak E and F in Canada.
________________________________________________ 180. They are going to invite Nam to dinner. Nam ________is going to be invited to dinner.
___________________________________________________________ 181. I can’t cook as well as my mother does. My mother _______________cook better than me
_______________________________________________ 186. He wrote the letter in two hours. It ___________took him 2 hours to write the letter
__________________________________________________________ 187. It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it. The tea _____________was so hot that I couldn't drink it.
____________________________________________________ 188. Because she behaves well, everybody loves her. Because of _________her good behavior, everybody loves her
_____________________________________________________ 189. Unless you water the flowers everyday, they will die. If ________________you don't water the flowers everyday, they will die.
_____________________________________________________ 190. I have studied English for 3 years. I began ____________studying english 3 years ago.
_____________________________________________________ 191. She didn’t take your advice, so she failed in the exam. If __________she had taken your advice, she wouldn't have failed the exam.
___________________________________________________________ 192. We spend our childhood in that beautiful mountain resort and we always remember. We always remember _________spending our childhood in that beautiful mountain resort.
____________________________________________ 193. The cake was so bad that I couldn’t eat it. It’s __________such a bad cake that i couldn't eat it.
__________________________________________________________ 194. Without a passport, she couldn’t have left the country. If ___________it had not been for the passport, she couldn't have left the country.
__________________________________________________________ 195. The weather was so bad that we couldn’t go sailing. The weather wasn’t ____________good enough for us to go sailing___________________________________________ 196. The plane took off before we arrived at the airport. By the time __________already ___________________________________________________ 197. I don’t live in a big city, so I can’t go to the cinema very often. If ________________already _______________________________________________________ 198. She never seems to succeed even though she works hard. In spite of _____________already ___________________________________________________ 199. Jeanie is the tallest girl in her class. No one _____________already ______________________________________________________ 200. You didn’t plan things at the start, so we are in this mess now. If _____________already __________________________________________________________ 201. My father bought a car with a sun roof. The car ____________already ______________________________________________________ 202. It’s said that English people are quiet and severed. English people ________________already _____________________________________________ 203. Fiona had to get on the plane though she was afraid of flying. Despite ____________already ______________________________________________________ 204. Foxes can use their noses to find their dinners because they have a keen sense of smell. Because of _______________already _________________________________________________ 205. He was very old, but he walked ten miles everyday. Despite ______________already ____________________________________________________ 206. Jenny ran fast but she didn’t win the race. Despite __________________________________________________already______________ 207. He is too young to appreciate such a film. He’s not _________________already_______________________________________________ 225. If you run a lot, you will get fitter. The more _______________already________________________________________________ 226. That’s the best meal I’ve ever eaten I’ve ______________already_____________________________________________________ 227. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number” said Paula to Susan. Paula apologised ________________already_________________________________________ 228. I didn’t know you were coming, so I didn’t wait for you. If ____________already_________________________________________________________ 229. People say that prevention is better than cure. Prevention ___________is said to be better than cure.
___________________________________________________ 230. She likes learning Chemistry best. Chemistry _____________is her favorite subject.
_________________________________________________ 231. Nobody has invited her to the party. She ___________hasn't been invited to the party
_________________________________________________________ 232. Getting to know a person is always time–consuming. It takes _____________much time to get to know a person.
____________________________________________________ 233. To find a house in this country is difficult. It’s ______________difficult to find a house in this country.
______________________________________________________ 234. Tom and Jane have been married for 5 years. It’s _______________5 years since tom and jane got married._____________________________________________________ 235. This room is too small for 5 people to live in. This room __________isn't big enough for 5 people to live in.
____________________________________________________ 236. They made me study hard when I was at school. I _________was made to study hard when I was at school.
_____________________________________________________________ 237. “Please don’t leave me on my own.” Martin begged us ___________not to leave her on her own.
______________________________________________ 238. Parking is not permitted here You aren’t ___________allowed to park here.
___________________________________________________ 261. I haven’t seen my cousin for 2 years. It’s 2 years since _________I last saw my cousin.
________________________________________________ 262. I haven’t seen that film before. It’s ________________the first time I've seen that film.
____________________________________________________ 263. Despite her dislike for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm. Although ______________she disliked coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm._________________________________________________ 264. Mary booked at before we got to her house. By the time we ____________got to Mary's house, she had booked at.
______________________________________________ 265. It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining. It ____________has been raining since 2 o'clock_________________________________________________________ 266. They made her hand over her passport. She ___________was made to hand over the passport.
_________________________________________________________ 267. I tried to eat that cake but it was too sweet. It was _______such a sweet cake that I coudln't eat.
___________________________________________________________ 268. My brother and I went to that school. I went to __________that school with my brother.
_____________________________________________________ 269. I often get up early in the morning. I ____________am used to getting up early in the morning.
__________________________________________________________ 270. Getting a good job doesn’t interest him. He _____________isn't interested in getting a good job.
_______________________________________________________ 271. The garden is too small to play football in. The garden ____________isn't large enough to play football in.
_________________________________________________ 272. Be he rich or poor, she will marry him. She will ___________marry him whether he is rich or poor
_____________________________________________________ 273. We haven’t been to the movies for a year. It’s _________a year since we last went to the movies.
___________________________________________________________ 274. John used to smoke. John doesn’t ____________smoke anymore.
_________________________________________________ 275. Lock the door carefully before going to bed. The door ________________should be locked carefully before going to bed.
_______________________________________________ 283. People used to think that he was selfish. He ____________was used to be thought to be selfish.
________________________________________________________ 287. The day was so cold that we stayed indoor. It ___________was such a cold day that we stayed indoor.
__________________________________________________________ 288. I’ve never read a more romantic story before. It’s ___________the first time that I've read such a romantic story._________________________________________________________ 289. She likes to travel around the world but she doesn’t have a lot of money. She wishes _____________she had a lot of money._________________________________________________ 290. I haven’t met her for 3 months. I ___________last met her 3 months ago.___________________________________________________________ 291. She usually wore uniform when she was a student. She ___________used to wear uniform when she was a student.
_________________________________________________________ 292. There are many beautiful places in Hồ Chí Minh City. Hồ Chí Minh City _____________has many beautiful places.
___________________________________________ 293. I don’t have time to help you do this work. I wish I ____________had time to help you do this work.
____________________________________________________ 294. The film is more interesting than the one I last saw. The film I last saw was ________________not as interesting as this one____________________________________ 295. Lan used to walk pass the mosque in the past. Lan __________________doesn't walk pass the mosque anymore.
_________________________________________________ 296. We spent a whole day looking for these old pictures. It took _______________us a whole day to look for these old pictures.
__________________________________________________ 297. Learning a foreign language is interesting. It _______________is interesting to learn a foreign language.
______________________________________________________ 298. Although Tom took a taxi, he was still late for the party. In spite of ____________taking a taxt, tom was still late for the party__________________________________________________ 299. They will build a new market near my house. A new market _________will be built near my house.__________________________________________________ 300. I haven’t visited my parents for three months. I ______________last visited my parents 3 months ago.________________________________________________________ 301. It’s very convenient to wear jeans at work. Wearing jeans ______________at work is very convenient._____________________________________________ 302. I haven’t seen her at this club before. This is _______________the first time I have seen her at this club.__________________________________________________ 303. How much is this book ? how much does _____this book cost ?
_______________________________________________ 304. People built this cathedral nearly 200 years ago. This cathedral _____________was built nearly 200 years ago.
______________________________________________ 305. Take my advice and don’t drink so much whisky. If I ________________were you, I would drink less whisky.____________________________________________________ 306. I last went there when I was a child. I have ___________not gone there since I wasn't a child.
_______________________________________________________ 307. Hurry or you will late for the train. If you __________________don't hurry up, you will be late for the train.________________________________________________ 308. “Did you go out with your brother last night ?” said John to me. John asked me ____________if I had gone out with my brother the night before.
_______________________________________________ 309. She last wrote to me 3 months ago. She hasn’t _________written to me for 3 months.
_____________________________________________________ 310. It is very useful to speak English fluently. Speaking English __________fluently is very useful
______________________________________________ 311. “I’ll complete the work only if you pay me 10$ extra” said Tom. “Unless __________you pay me 10 extra, I won't complete the work." Tom said.______________________________________________________ 312. The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house. Plans _____________for an extension to the house have been drawn by the architect.
_____________________________________________________ 313. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money. If ______________we had enough money, we would have gone on holiday._______________________________________________________ 314. Unless he phones immediately, he won’t get any information. If ______________he doesn't phone immediately, he will not get any information.
_______________________________________________________ 315. The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor. Unless ___________somebody sends the child for a doctor, he/she will die.______________________________________________________ 316. The weather was so cold that children could not swim in it. The weather was not ____________warm enough for the children to swim in
__________________________________________ 317. “You’d better not lend him anymore money, Elizabeth” said John. John advised Elizabeth ___________not to lend him anymore money.
_________________________________________ 318. I started to work for the company a year ago. I __________have worked for the company for a year.
____________________________________________________________ 319. Because of the rough sea, the ferry couldn’t sail. The rough sea _____________prevented the ferry from sailing.
______________________________________________ 320. This furniture is so old that it’s not worth keeping. It is _____________such old furniture that it's not worth keeping
______________________________________________________ 321. “Where is the station car park ?” Mrs. Smith asked. Mrs. Smith asked ___________where the station car park was
_____________________________________________ 322. Miss Taylor doesn’t like living in such a small house. Miss Taylor wishes __________she didn't live in a small house
_____________________________________________ 344. He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train. If ____________he had hurried, he wouldn't have missed the train_________________________________________________________ 345. The fire has destroyed many houses. Many houses __________have been destroyed by the fire._________________________________________________ 346. I have studied English for 3 years. I began _________studying English 3 years ago.
________________________________________________________ 347. They are building a new school in that village. A new school ____________is being built in that village.________________________________________________ 348. Unless you water those flowers regularly, they will wither. If you _______________don't water those flowers regularly, they will die___________________________________________________ 349. The driver said : “Don’t get off the bus while it’s moving !”. The driver asked the passengers ____________not to get off the bus while it was moving.
_________________________________ 350. The robbers made the bank manager hand over the money. The bank manager _____________was made to hand over the money by the robbers
___________________________________________ “Why don’t you put a better lock on the door, Barny ?” said John. John suggested __________that Barny should put a better lock on the door________________________________________________ 351. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before.
This is the first time I've eatten this kind of food.
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1) Your father is very kind (with/for/to/in) David.
2) Hurry or you will be late (for/at/on/from) school.
3) Were they present (in/at/on/about) the meeting?
4) She was confused (with/on/about/in) the dates.
5) His book is different (about/from/for/between) mine.
6) Your plan is similar (with/to/of/for) his.
7) The boy is afraid (of/on/in/about) snakes.
8) She is accustomed (with/to/on/of) getting up early.
9) He was successful (in/with/of/to) his job.
10) That student is very quick (with/at/for/about) mathematics.
11) Iraq is rich (on/for/to/in) oil.
12) Are you aware (with/to/of/for) the time?
13) Are you acquainted (to/with/in/of) this man?
14) He has been absent (from/of/to/with) school lately.
15) They are interested (in/on/about/with) buying a new house.
16) Smoking is harmful (for/with/to/about) our health.
17) She is serious (with/about/of/for) learning to be a doctor.
18) I couldn’t believe what he said. It was contrary (to/with/for/in) his thought.
19) Our study is very important (for/with/to/about) our future and useful (for/to/with/in) our country.
20) Don’t give up your hope. Be confident (of/about/in/with) yourself.
21) I have some tickets available (for/to/of/with) you.
22) Are you capable (with/of/for/to) that job?
23) He is accustomed (to/with/for/in) driving fast like this.
24) Are you confident (with/of/about/in) what she has said?
25) The room was available (with/for/to/on) 2 people.
26) Finally, Jack is successful (on/in/at/to) his trade.
27) This theatre is often crowded (with/to/on/about) viewers.
28) Your bag is similar (with/to/about/for) mine.
29) The bottle is full (with/of/in/at) water.
30) Poison is harmful (to/with/for/about) humans.
31) Cheques are useful (with/to/for/on) travellers.
32) Are you successful (on/in/at/to) your experiment?
33) She got back safe (for/from/with/to) her adventure.
34) It was very lucky (to/for/of/with) me that my bag was found.
35) He seems friendly (on/to/for/about) everyone in the village.
36) She was sad (about/for/with/to) my refusal.
37) Quang Linh is popular (with/for/to/in) folk songs.
38) The student is quick (with/at/on/to) understanding what the teacher explains.
39) The story is very pleasant (to/with/for/in) us.
40) He is very kind (to/of/with/for) me.
41) I’m capable (of/with/for/to) speaking two languages.
42) She is never late (to/for/with/from) work.
43) It was very nice (to/of/in/for) him to give me a lift.
44) Yesterday Nga was absent (with/from/to/for) class because she was ill.
45) Contrary (to/with/for/about) his doctor’s orders, he has gone back to work.
46) Don’t worry (about/with/to/for) the money! I’ll lend you.
47) They have been waiting (for/with/to/at) the bus for half an hour.
48) Why don’t you ask (with/to/for/on) a pay increase?
49) He took advantage (of/in/about/for) this opportunity to explain why he had done that.
50) The weeks went slowly (by/with/of/for).
51) You have to move this box to make room (for/to/about/with) the new television set.
52) Nowadays we rely increasingly (on/in/at/to) computers to regulate the flow of traffic in the town.
53) Translate these sentences (for/into/with/of) English.
54) Have you taken notice (to/for/of/with) the sign “No Smoking”?
55) Ken prefers Chinese food (about/to/over/with) French food.
56) Don’t shout (to/at/with/for) the child when he makes a mistake.
57) Last Sunday I was invited (to/on/in/at) his wedding party.
58) I have been looking (after/for/into/at) my dog for two days but I haven’t seen it yet.
59) I don’t care (about/for/with/to) what they have said.
60) I talked to him so enjoyably that I lost track (to/with/of/for) the time.
61) He spent too much money (with/on/to/in) that car.
62) Do you believe (on/at/to/in) God?
63) You must make allowance (to/for/with/of) him because he has been ill.
64) May I start now? Yes, go (up/down/ahead/back).
65) She caught sight (with/of/to/for) a car in the distance.
66) She is leaving (to/for/with/at) Paris.
67) Don’t make noise! I’m concentrating (to/on/in/at) the question.
68) Things are going (to/on/out/off) nicely.
69) She has suffered (from/to/with/about) her heart attack.
70) The exchange rate of dollars is going (up/down/on/with) from 16,000 VND to 15,750 VND for one US dollar.
71) We have lost touch (with/of/for/over) each other for a long time.
72) I must study hard to keep pace (with/of/for/to) my classmates.
73) The prices of petrol are going (up/down/on/out) from 52 US dollars to 54 US dollars for a barrel.
74) I usually regard him (with/in/as/at) my close friend.
75) Don’t make a fuss (over/on/at/of) such trifles.
76) The bomb has gone (out/off/over/with) in a crowded street.
77) Who will look (for/after/at/around) the child when you’re away?
78) Congratulate you (in/to/on/with) winning the game.
79) I feel very hot because the electricity has gone (off/out/along/after).
80) The plane crashed (into/on/in/with) the mountain.
81) I’ve lost my keys. Can you help me look (at/for/after/into) them?
82) The book is divided (to/in/into/for) three parts.
83) I wrote to the company asking them (to/for/about/with) more information about the job.
84) Many people regard him (as/to/in/of) one of the greatest pianists in the world.
85) Our teacher was very kind (of/to/for/with) us.
86) Her children are very quick (with/about/at/for) computer games.
87) This kind of music is popular (for/to/with/about) the young.
88) Boys are fond (in/of/on/at) playing football.
89) Last week the beach was overcrowded (of/over/with/for) people.
90) She’s very worried (for/with/at/about) her mother’s health.
91) Why are these two schools different (to/from/with/at) each other?
92) Most children are ill-prepared (to/for/from/at) employment.
93) Four-fifths of the world’s computers use programs (at/in/on/about) English.
94) Attending all the lectures is important (to/with/at/in) us.
95) English belongs (from/to/on/in) those who use it.
96) Clean air provides us (for/at/with/about) a healthy supply of oxygen.
97) My brother is very interested (in/at/on/about) chess but he is not good at it.
98) I don’t think he was present (in/at/on/of) the meeting yesterday.
99) Are you serious (for/about/orwith/over) learning to be an architect?
100) She has become very famous (for/at/on/with) her novels.
101) Mary always take good care (for/of/to/with) her children.
102) Henry was born (on/in/at/to) 1992.
103) Lisa is very good (at/with/in/about) chemistry.
104) The forest fire went (after//out/offt/along) after two days.
105) I always find it hard to keep pace (up/with/for/on) Nam, one of the best students in my class.
106) What do you often do (in/on/at/of) the evening?
107) Smoking is not good (for/at/about/of) our health.
108) The interview was broadcast (on/in/at/for) radio and television.
109) That farmer succeeded (on/in/at/with) raising fish.
110) Clean air is necessary (with/for/about/of) our health.
111) The future of a country depends (in/at/on/from) the youth.
112) There is a great difference (from/between/about/for) these two things.
113) My father is used (to/on/in/at) living in the countryside.
114) My father isn’t pleased (for/about/with/from) my work.
115) Many people are involved (on/in/of/at) the use of English.
116) English provides ready access (with/to/for/of) the world scholarship.
117) She is always fed up (at/with/for/about) washing dishes after dinner.
118) The roofs are covered (with/about/by/for) red tiles.
119) My father insisted (in/on/of/at) building a new house.
120) We are looking forward (in/at/for/to) seeing you aga
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse
II- Use a relative pronoun/ adverb to combine each pair of the sentences below.
1. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.
Thank you very much for the present which you sent me
2. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.
Romeo and Juliet whose parents hated each other were lovers.
3. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
This is Mrs. Jones whose son won the championship last year.
4. This is the house. We often stay in this house in the summer.
This is the house where we often stay in the summer.
5. That was the time. He managed the enterprise at that time.
That was the time when he managed the enterprise
6. I was sitting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed.
I was sitting in the chair which suddenly collapsed.
7. This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.
This is the story of the man whose wife suddenly loses her memory.
8. Charlie Chaplin died in 1977. His films amused millions of people in the world.
Charlie Chaplin whose films amused millions of people in the world died in 1977
9. Please post these letters. I wrote them this morning.
Please post these letters which I wrote this morning.
10. The building is the church. Its tower can be seen from afar.
The building is the church whose tower can be seen from afar.
11. I’ll show you the second-hand bookshop. You can find valuable books in this shop.
I’ll show you the second-hand bookshop in which you can find valuable books
12. The police want to know the hotel. Mr. Bush stayed at this hotel two weeks ago.
The police want to know the hotel at which Mr. Bush stayed two weeks ago.
13. The reasons are basic grammatical ones. I’m scolded by the teacher fro these reasons.
The reasons why I’m scolded by the teacher are basic grammatical ones
14. I have not decided the day. I’ll go to London on that day.
I have not decided the day when I’ll go to London
15. The airport is the most modern one. We are going to arrive at this airport.
The airport at which we are going to arrive is the most modern one
16. She doesn’t want to speak to the cause. She divorced her husband for this cause.
She doesn’t want to speak to the cause for which/why She divorced her husband
17. He doesn’t want to sell the house. He was born in this house.
He doesn’t want to sell the house in which he was born
18. The teacher is Mr. Pike. We studied with him last year.
The teacher whom We studied with last year is Mr. Pike
19. The problem has been discussed in class. We are very interested in it
The problem which we are very interested in has been discussed in class
20. Many diseases are no longer dangerous. People died of them years ago.
Many diseases which people died of years ago are no longer dangerous
21. Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it.
Do you see my pen which I have just written the lesson with ?
22. I like standing at the windows. I can see the park from this window.
I like standing at the windows from which I can see the park
23. The boy is my cousin. You made fun of him
The boy whom you made fun of is my cousin
24. This is rare opportunity. You should take advantage of it to get a better job.
This is rare opportunity of which You should take advantage to get a better job.
25. This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention.
This matter is of great importance which You should pay attention.
I. ACTVE INTO PASSIVE VOICE:
1. they were selling things when the fight began
-> THE THINGS WERE BEING SOLD WHEN THE FIGHT BEGAN
2. you must have seen the prices in the shop window
-> THE PRICES MUST HAVE BEEN SEEN IN THE SHOP WINDOW BY YOU
3.i wish you had met me at the station
-> I WISH I HAD BEEN MET AT THE STATION BY YOU
4. you have to make the greatest effort in fulfilling the plan in time
-> THE GREATEST EFFORT HAVE TO BE MADE IN FULFILLING THE PLAN IN TIME BY YOU
5. somebody mus do sonething for these poor men
-> THESE POOR MEN MUST BE DONE SOMETHING
6. no one paid him for the work
-> HE WASN'T PAID FOR THE WORK
7. the other told the student where to sit
-> THE STUDENT WAS TOLD WHERE TO SIT BY THE OTHER
8. did nobody ever teach you how to behave ?
-> WEREN'T YOU EVER TAUGHT HOW TO BEHAVE ?
9. they will speak to me
-> I WILL BE SPOKEN BY THEM
10. they believed that these boys had lernt the subject
-> THESE BOYS WERE BELIEVED THAT THEY HAD LEARNT THE SUBJECT
12. the teacher made us do a lot of homework
-> WE WERE MADE TO DO A LOT OF HOMEWORK BY THE TEACHER
15. did they say anything interesting ?
-> WAS ANYTHING INTERESTING SAID ?
16. she found the woman crying
-> THE WOMAN CRYING WAS FOUND BY HER
17. what did they pay you for doing the job?
-> WHAT WERE YOU PAID FOR DOING THE JOB ?
18. i will send you the good as soon as they are available
-> YOU WILL BE SENT THE GOOD AS SOON AS THEY ARE AVAILABLE BY ME
19. peope say he was the best writer of his time
-> HE IS SAID TO BE THE BEST WRITER OF HIS TIME BY PEOPLE
20. her beauty made him crazy
-> HE WAS MADE TO BE CRAZY BY HER BEAUTY
Change the active into the passive
-David’s going to be given a big surprise
-> A big surprise is going to be given to David.
-Considerable damage has been caused by the fire.
-> The fire has caused a considerable damage.
-Why was the house built so close to road?
-> Why did they build the house so close to road?
-The old theatre is being pulled down.
-> They are pulling down the old theatre.
-People speak English all over the world.
-> English is spoken all over the world.
-I haven’t seen him for 3 month.
-> He hasn't been seen by me for 3 month.
-Who wrote this article?
-> By whom was this article written?
-Nobody has used this bicycle for many years.
-> This bicycle hasn't been used for many years.
-You have to give the book back.
-> The book has to be given back.
-Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
-> More than 600 pieces of music were written by Mozart.