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a)
$K_2SO_4 + BaCl_2 \to BaSO_4 + 2KCl$
b)
$n_{K_2SO_4} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)$
$n_{BaCl_2} = 0,3.1 = 0,3(mol)$
Ta thấy :
$n_{K_2SO_4} : 1 > n_{BaCl_2} : 1$ nên $K_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{BaSO_4} = n_{BaCl_2} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{BaSO_4} = 0,3.233 = 69,9(gam)$
c) $n_{K_2SO_4} = 0,4 - 0,3 = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5(lít)$
$C_{M_{K_2SO_4} } = \dfrac{0,1}{0,5} = 0,2M$
$C_{M_{KCl}} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,5} = 1,2M$
HCl + AgNO3 ➜ AgCl↓ + HNO3
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\times2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{AgNO_3}=0,3\times2=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=n_{AgNO_3}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{AgNO_3}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{2}{3}< 1\) ⇒ dd HCl hết, dd AgNO3 dư
Theo PT: \(n_{AgCl}=n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AgCl}=0,4\times143,5=57,4\left(g\right)\)
Dung dịch B gồm: AgNO3 dư và HNO3
Theo PT: \(n_{AgNO_3}pư=n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{AgNO_3}dư=0,6-0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HNO_3}=n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Sigma n_{ctB}=n_{AgNO_3}dư+n_{HNO_3}=0,2+0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Sigma m_{ddB}=0,2+0,3=0,5\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ddB}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,5}=1,2\left(M\right)\)
HCl + AgNO3 ➜ AgCl↓ + HNO3
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\times2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{AgNO_3}=0,3\times2=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=n_{AgNO_3}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{AgNO_3}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{2}{3}< 1\) ⇒ dd HCl hết, dd AgNO3 dư
Theo PT: \(n_{AgCl}=n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AgCl}=0,4\times143,5=57,4\left(g\right)\)
Dung dịch B gồm: AgNO3 dư và HNO3
\(\Sigma m_{ddB}=0,2+0,3=0,5\left(l\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HNO_3}=n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{AgNO_3}pư=n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{AgNO_3}dư=0,6-0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Sigma n_{ctB}=n_{AgNO_3}dư+n_{HNO_3}=0,2+0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ddB}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,5}=1,2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học :
BaCl2 + H2SO4 -----> BaSO4 + 2HCl
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
c) Khối lượng kết tủa :
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g)
Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ;
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)
d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
0,24 <-- 0,24
mol mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)
a. PTHH: AgNO3 + HCl ---> AgCl↓ + HNO3
b. Ta có: \(n_{AgNO_3}=\dfrac{42,5}{170}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{AgCl}=0,25.143,5=35,875\left(g\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=n_{AgCl}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Đổi 100ml = 0,1 lít
=> \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,1}=2,5M\)
\(n_{AgNO3}=0,3\cdot1=0,3\) (mol)
nHCl =0,5 . 0,5= 0,25 (mol)
AgNO3 + HCl -----> \(AgCl\downarrow+HNO3\)
0,25<--- 0,25--->0,25---->0,25
=>\(n_{AgCl}=0,25\) (mol)
mAgCl =0,25 . 143,5=35,875(g)
b)\(m_{dd_{ }sau_{ }pứ}\)=300 +500=800(ml)
mHNO3 =0,25 . 63 =15,75(g)
C%HNO3= \(\dfrac{15,75}{800}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\)
nAgNO3 dư =0,3 - 0,25 =0,05 (mol)
mAgNO3 dư =0,05 . 143,5=7,175(g)
\(C_{\%AgNO3_{ }dư}\)=\(\dfrac{7,175}{800}\cdot100\%=0,897\%\)
PTHH: \(2AgNO_3+CaCl_2\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{AgNO_3}=\dfrac{1,7}{170}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AgCl}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=n_{Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,005\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCl_2}=0,005\cdot111=0,555\left(g\right)\\m_{AgCl}=0,01\cdot143,5=1,435\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,005}{0,07+0,03}=0,05\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
$AgNO_3 + HCl \to AgCl + HNO_3$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{AgCl} = n_{HCl} = n_{AgNO_3} = \dfrac{340.10\%}{170} =0,2(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%} = 100(gam)$
b)
$m_{AgCl} = 0,2.143,5 = 28,7(gam)$
c)
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 340 + 100 -28,7 = 411,3(gam)$
$n_{HNO_3} = n_{AgNO_3} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C\%_{HNO_3} = \dfrac{0,2.63}{411,3}.100\% = 3,06\%$
a)
$AgNO_3 + HCl \to AgCl + H_2O$
$NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O$
$n_{AgCl} = n_{AgNO_3} = 0,05.2 = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{AgCl} = 0,1.143,5 = 14,35(gam)$
b) $n_{HCl\ dư} = n_{NaOH} = 0,1(mol) ; n_{HCl\ pư} = n_{AgNO_3} = 0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{HCl\ đã\ dùng} = 0,2(mol)$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{36,5}.100\% = 20\%$
Bạn bổ sung thêm số gam dd AgNO3 nhé.