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Oxit kim loại : R2On
\(\%R = \dfrac{2R}{2R + 16n}.100\% = 60\%\\ \Rightarrow R = 12n\)
Với n = 2 thì R = 24(Magie)
Vậy oxit là MgO
\(MgO+ H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2O\\ n_{MgSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{MgO} = \dfrac{20}{40} = 0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} =\dfrac{0,5.98}{10\%} = 490(gam)\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 20 + 490 = 510(gam)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4} = \dfrac{0,5.120}{510}.100\% = 11,76\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(Đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=136.0,2=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{200}.100\%=7,3\%\)
\(a.Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=2.n_{CO_2}=2.\dfrac{448:1000}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,02}=2\left(M\right)\\ b.m_{NaCl}=58,5.0,04=2,34\left(g\right)\\ c.m_{Na_2CO_3}=106.0,02=2,12\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{2,12}{5}.100=42,4\%\\ \%m_{NaCl}=100\%-42,4\%=57,6\%\)
Bài 16 :
\(n_{CO2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 2 1 1
0,02 0,04 0,04 0,02
a) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,02.2}{1}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
20ml = 0,02l
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,02}=2\left(M\right)\)
b) \(n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,02.2}{1}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{NaCl}=0,04.58,5=2,34\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{Na2CO3}=\dfrac{0,04.1}{2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Na2CO3}=0,02.106=2,12\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaCl}=5-2,12=2,88\left(g\right)\)
0/0Na2CO3 = \(\dfrac{2,12.100}{5}=42,4\)0/0
0/0NaCl = \(\dfrac{2,88.100}{5}=57,6\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a, \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=200.9,8\%=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 8 + 200 = 208 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{208}.100\%\approx11,54\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150.9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ H_2SO_4+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O+CO_2\\ n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddNa_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,15.106}{10,6\%}=150\left(g\right)\\ n_{CO_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddsaupu}=150+150-0,15.44=293,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.142}{293,4}.100=7,26\%\)
chị ơi cho em hỏi tại sao lại 150* 9,8% lại chia cho 98 ạ
a) \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b) Gọi x,y là số mol Al, Fe
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{29}{5700};y=\dfrac{47}{3800}\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{27}{5700}.27}{0,83}.100=16,55\%\); \(\%m_{Fe}=100-16,55=83,45\%\)
c)Bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{200}.100=0,98\%\)
a)
nH2SO4 = 0.5a (mol)
nKOH = 0.4 (mol)
nAl(OH)3 = 0.005 (mol)
Trường hợp 1: H2SO4 dư
H2SO4 + 2KOH -----> K2SO4 + 2H2O
_0.2_____0.4_
nH2SO4dư = 0.5a - 0.2 (mol) => 1/2nH2SO4dư = 0.25a - 0.1 (mol)
2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 -----> Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
_0.005____0.0075_
=> 0.25a - 0.1 = 0.0075 => a = 0.43
Trường hợp 2: KOH dư
H2SO4 + 2KOH -----> K2SO4 + 2H2O
_0.5a_____a_
nKOHdư = 0.4 - a (mol) => 1/2nKOHdư = 0.2 - 0.5a (mol)
Al(OH)3 + KOH -----> KAlO2 + 2H2O
_0.005__0.005_
=> 0.2 - 0.5a = 0.005 => a = 0.39
b)
Vì ddA td với Fe3O4 và FeCO3 => ddA có chứa H2SO4 dư, chọn TH1: a = 0.43
=> nH2SO4 trong 100ml ddA = 0.1x0.43 = 0.043 (mol)
Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 -----> FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O
__x_______4x_
FeCO3 + H2SO4 -----> FeSO4 + H2O + CO2
__y_______y_
mhhB = 2.668 (g) => 232x + 116y = 2.668
nH2SO4 = 0.043 (mol) => 4x + y = 0.043
=> x = 0.01; y = 0.003
mFe3O4 = 2.32 (g)
mFeCO3 = 0.348 (g)
\(n_{FeO}=\dfrac{10.8}{72}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2O\)
\(0.15.......0.3.............0.15\)
\(m_{HCl}=0.3\cdot36.5=10.95\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%HCl=\dfrac{10.95}{100}\cdot100\%=10.95\%\)
\(m_{dd}=10.8+100=110.8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0.15\cdot127=19.05\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%FeCl_2=\dfrac{19.05}{110.8}\cdot100\%=17.19\%\)
nFeO=10.872=0.15(mol)nFeO=10.872=0.15(mol)
FeO+2HCl→FeCl2+H2OFeO+2HCl→FeCl2+H2O
0.15.......0.3.............0.150.15.......0.3.............0.15
mHCl=0.3⋅36.5=10.95(g)mHCl=0.3⋅36.5=10.95(g)
C%HCl=10.95100⋅100%=10.95%C%HCl=10.95100⋅100%=10.95%
mdd=10.8+100=110.8(g)mdd=10.8+100=110.8(g)
mFeCl2=0.15⋅127=19.05(g)mFeCl2=0.15⋅127=19.05(g)
C%FeCl2=19.05110.8⋅100%=17.19%C%FeCl2=19.05110.8⋅100%=17.19%
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của MgO, Fe3O4
Pt: MgO + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2O
.......x............x..................x
......Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + FeSO4 + 4H2O
.........y................4y..................y................y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40x+232y=35,84\\120x+552y=90,24\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,12\end{matrix}\right.\)
mMgO = 0,2 . 40 = 8 (g)
mFe3O4 = 35,84 - 8 = 27,84 (g)
nH2SO4 = x + 4y = 0,2 + 4 . 0,12 = 0,68 mol
mdd H2SO4 = \(\dfrac{0,68\times98}{9,8}.100=680\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = mhh + mdd H2SO4 = 35,84 + 680 = 715,84 (g)
C% dd MgSO4 = \(\dfrac{0,2.120}{715,84}.100\%=3,35\%\)
C% dd FeSO4 = \(\dfrac{0,12.152}{715,84}.100\%=2,548\%\)
C% dd Fe2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{0,12.400}{715,84}.100\%=6,705\%\)
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