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\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{3,65.200}{100}=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,2 0,05
b) Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{2}\)
⇒ CuO phản ứng hết , HCl dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của CuO
\(n_{CuCl2}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CuCl2}=0,05.135=6,75\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2-\left(0,05.2\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=4+200=204\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{CuCl2}=\dfrac{6,75.100}{204}=3,31\)0/0
\(C_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65.100}{204}=1,8\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
Bài 2:
a) PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
b) Dung dịch A là dung dịch bazơ
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{3,1}{62}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
c) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot98}{9,8\%}=50\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{50}{1,14}\approx43,86\left(ml\right)\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot160}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx14,81\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot98}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx9,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,PTHH:Fe+CuSO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Cu\\ b,n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1,96}{56}=0,035\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=0,035\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{CuSO_4}}=0,035\cdot160=5,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{CuSO_4}}=\dfrac{5,6\cdot100\%}{10\%}=56\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Cu}=n_{Fe}=0,035\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CT_{FeSO_4}}=0,035\cdot152=5,32\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,035\cdot64=2,24\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{FeSO_4}}=1,96+56-2,24=55,72\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{5,32}{55,72}\cdot100\%\approx9,55\%\)
\(a,PTHH:Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ b,n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{15,9}{106}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,3\cdot36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{200}\cdot100\%=5,475\%\\ c,n_{CO_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{CO_2\left(đkc\right)}=0,15\cdot24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\\ d,m_{CO_2}=0,15\cdot44=6,6\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaCl}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{H_2O}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CT_{NaCl}}=0,3\cdot58,5=17,55\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,15\cdot18=2,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_{dd_{NaCl}}=15,9+200-2,7-6,6=206,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{17,55}{206,6}\cdot100\%\approx8,49\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200.19,6\%=39,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
a, PT: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
b, Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ nH2SO4 (dư) = 0,4 - 0,3 = 0,1 (mol)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = mFe2O3 + m dd H2SO4 = 16 + 200 = 216 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.400}{216}.100\%\approx18,52\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{216}.100\%\approx4,54\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19.6\%}{98}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.4}{3}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=16+200=216\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0.1\cdot400}{216}\cdot100\%=18.51\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0.4-0.2\right)\cdot98}{216}\cdot100\%=9.1\%\)
a)PTHH: ZnCl2+2KOH---->Zn(OH)2+2KCl
b)
mZnCl2=204.10100=20,4(g)ZnCl2=204.10100=20,4(g)
nZnCl2=20,4136=0,15(mol)ZnCl2=20,4136=0,15(mol)
nKOH=112.20%56=0,4(mol)KOH=112.20%56=0,4(mol)
=> 0,15/1 < 0,4/1=> KOH dư
Theo pthh, ta có :
nCu(OH)2=nZnCl2=0,15(mol)Cu(OH)2=nZnCl2=0,15(mol)
mCu(OH)2=0,15.98=14,7(g)Cu(OH)2=0,15.98=14,7(g)
c) m dd sau pư=204+112=316(g)
Theo pthh
nKOH=2nZnCl2=0,3(mol)KOH=2nZnCl2=0,3(mol)
C% KOH=0,3.56326.100%=5,32%0,3.56326.100%=5,32%
nKCl=2nZnCl2=0,3(mol)KCl=2nZnCl2=0,3(mol)
C% KCl=0,3.74,5316.100%=7,07%
nMgO=0,15(mol); nH2SO4=0,4(mol)
PTHH: MgO + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2O
0,15________0,15__________0,15(mol)
Ta có: 0,15/1 < 0,4/1
=> H2SO4 dư, MgO hết, tính theo nMgO
-> nH2SO4(dư)=0,4-0,15=0,25(mol) => mH2SO4(dư)=24,5(g)
nMgSO4=nMg=0,15(mol) => mMgSO4=120.0,15=18(g)
mddsau=6+200=206(g)
=>C%ddH2SO4(dư)=(24,5/206).100=11,893%
C%ddMgSO4=(18/206).100=8,738%
PTHH: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgSO_4}=0,25\cdot120=30\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=205,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{30}{205,5}\cdot100\%\approx14,6\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{14,7}{205,5}\cdot100\%\approx7,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,PTHH:2KOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\\ ....0,32....0,16....0,16....0,16\left(mol\right)\\ b,n_{KOH}=\dfrac{56}{56}=1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{400\cdot6,4\%}{100\%}=25,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{25,6}{160}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{KOH}}{2}>\dfrac{n_{CuSO_4}}{1}\) nên tính số mol theo CuSO4
\(m_{K_2SO_4}=0,16\cdot174=27,84\left(g\right)\\ m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,16\cdot98=15,68\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{K_2SO_4}}=5,6+400-15,68=389,92\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{27,84}{389,92}\cdot100\%\approx7,14\%\)