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Ta có bổ đề
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
ÁP DỤNG BỔ ĐỀ VÀO P ta có
\(P=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\)
\(=abc.\frac{3}{abc}=3\)
Vậy P=3
Lần lượt áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô - si có 3 và 4 số, ta có:
\(\frac{a}{18}+\frac{b}{24}+\frac{2}{ab}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{18}.\frac{b}{24}.\frac{2}{ab}}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{a}{9}+\frac{c}{6}+\frac{2}{ac}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{9}.\frac{c}{6}.\frac{2}{ac}}=1\)
\(\frac{b}{16}+\frac{c}{8}+\frac{2}{bc}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\frac{b}{16}.\frac{c}{8}.\frac{2}{bc}}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\frac{a}{9}+\frac{b}{12}+\frac{c}{6}+\frac{8}{abc}\ge4.\sqrt[4]{\frac{a}{9}.\frac{b}{12}.\frac{c}{6}.\frac{8}{abc}}=\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\frac{13a}{18}+\frac{13b}{24}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{13a}{18}.\frac{13b}{24}}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{13.13.12}{18.24}}=\frac{13}{3}\)
\(\frac{13c}{24}+\frac{13b}{48}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{13c}{24}.\frac{13b}{48}}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{13.13.8}{24.48}}=\frac{13}{6}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có:
\(a+b+c+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)+\frac{8}{abc}\ge\frac{121}{12}\)
a) Kéo dài MP, NP lần lượt cắt BC tại E, D.
Xét tam giác ABC có ME // AC \(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{AM}{AB}\)= \(\frac{CE}{BC}\)(1)
Xét tam giác ABC có ND // AB \(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{AN}{AC}\)= \(\frac{BD}{BC}\)(2)
Xét tam giác ABQ có PD//AB \(\Rightarrow\frac{PQ}{AQ}=\frac{DQ}{BQ}\)
Xét tam giấc ACQ có PE//AC\(\Rightarrow\frac{PQ}{AQ}=\frac{QE}{QC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{PQ}{AQ}=\frac{DQ}{BQ}=\frac{QE}{QC}=\frac{DQ+QE}{BQ+QC}=\frac{DE}{BC}\)(3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) suy ra \(\frac{AM}{AB}+\frac{AN}{AC}+\frac{PQ}{AQ}=\frac{CE}{BC}+\frac{DB}{BC}+\frac{DE}{BC}=1\)(đpcm)
Từ \(abc=1\Rightarrow a=\frac{1}{bc}\) thay vào ta có:
\(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{bc}}{\frac{1}{bc}\cdot b+\frac{1}{bc}+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{\frac{1}{bc}\cdot c+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{bc\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{bc}+1\right)}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{\frac{1}{b}+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{b\left(\frac{1}{b}+c+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(=\frac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}=1\)
a/(ab+a+1)+b/(bc+b+1)+c/(ac+c+1)
=abc/(ab+a+1)bc+b/(bc+b+1)+bc/(ac+c+1)b
=1/(abcb+abc+bc)+b/(bc+b+1)+bc/(abc+bc+b)
=1/(bc+b+1)+b/(bc+b+1)+bc/(bc+b+1)
=(bc+b+1)/(bc+b+1)=1
Ta có : \(\frac{ab+1}{b}=\frac{bc+1}{c}=\frac{ac+1}{a}\Leftrightarrow a+\frac{1}{b}=b+\frac{1}{c}=c+\frac{1}{a}\)
Từ \(a+\frac{1}{b}=b+\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow a-b=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{b}\Leftrightarrow a-b=\frac{b-c}{bc}\)(1)
Tương tự : \(b+\frac{1}{c}=c+\frac{1}{a}\Leftrightarrow b-c=\frac{c-a}{ac}\) (2) ; \(c+\frac{1}{a}=a+\frac{1}{b}\Leftrightarrow c-a=\frac{a-b}{ab}\)(3)
Nhân (1) , (2), (3) theo vế :
\(\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}\right)=0\)
Vì abc khác 1 nên\(a^2b^2c^2\ne1\) \(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}\ne0\)
Do đó \(\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)=0\Rightarrow\)a = b hoặc b = c hoặc c = a
- Với a = b , từ giả thiết ta có b = c => a = b = c
- Với b = c , từ giả thiết ta có c = a => a = b = c
- Với c = a , từ giả thiết ta có a = b => a = b = c
Vậy a = b = c
Từ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
=> \(\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0\)
=> \(ab+bc+ac=0\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}ab=-bc-ac\\bc=-ab-ac\\ac=-ab-bc\end{cases}}\)
a) \(N=\frac{bc}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{ca}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{ab}{c^2+2ab}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2-ab-ac+bc}+\frac{ca}{b^2-ab-bc+ac}+\frac{ab}{c^2-ac-bc+ab}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{ca}{b\left(b-a\right)-c\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c\left(c-a\right)-b\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{ca}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{ca}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{ca\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c-bc^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{ca^2-c^2a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c-bc^2-ca^2+c^2a+ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(c^2a-bc^2\right)-\left(ca^2-b^2c\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{c^2\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2-ac-bc+ab\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left[\left(ab-bc\right)-\left(ac-c^2\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left[b\left(a-c\right)-c\left(a-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)
b) \(P=\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{a^2-ab-ac+bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2-ab-bc+ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2-bc-ac+ab}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b\left(b-a\right)-c\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{c^2}{c\left(c-b\right)-a\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{b^2\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2b-a^2c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{b^2a-b^2c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2b-a^2c-b^2a+b^2c+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a^2-b^2\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-ac-bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left[a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{bc+ac+ab}{abc}=\frac{bc+ac+ab}{1}=bc+ac+ab\Rightarrow a+b+c>bc+ac+ab\)
\(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)=\left(ab-a-b+1\right)\left(c-1\right)=abc-ac-bc+c-ab+a+b-1\)
\(=1-1+a+b+c-ac-bc-ab=a+b+c-\left(ac+bc+ab\right)\)
vì \(a+b+c>bc+ac+ab\)(chứng minh trên)\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-\left(bc+ac+ab\right)>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)>0\)
bc+1/c = ca+1/c => bc + 1 = ca + 1 <=> bc = ca <=> b = a
minh chi lam đc 1 cai thoi
tỉ số thứ 3 hình như sai thì phải