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Lời giải:
Đặt \(\left ( \sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}},\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}},\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}} \right )=(x,y,z)\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x^2=\frac{a}{b+c}\\ y^2=\frac{b}{a+c}\\ z^2=\frac{c}{a+b}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (1-\frac{1}{x^2+1})+(1-\frac{1}{y^2+1})+(1-\frac{1}{z^2+1})=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+1}=1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq 2(x+y+z)(\star)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left ( \frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+1} \right )(x^2+1+y^2+1+z^2+1)\geq (x+y+z)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1+y^2+1+z^2+1\geq (x+y+z)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz\leq \frac{3}{2}\)
Kết hợp với hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM :
\((xy+yz+xz)^2\geq 3xyz(x+y+z)\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\geq \frac{3xyz(x+y+z)}{xy+yz+xz}\geq \frac{3xyz(x+y+z)}{\frac{3}2{}}=2xyz(x+y+z)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{2xyz(x+y+z)}{xyz}=2(x+y+z)\)
Do đó BĐT \((\star)\) được chứng minh.
Bài toán hoàn thành. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\) và \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(N\ge\dfrac{a^2b}{c}+\dfrac{b^2c}{a}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}}+b\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a}}+c\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}\right)^2=3\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
Cần cm:
\(\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a+c}+\sqrt{b+c}\\ \Leftrightarrow a+b=a+b+2c+2\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow2c+2\sqrt{ab+ac+bc+c^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2c+2\sqrt{c^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2c+2\left|c\right|=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2c-2c=0\left(c< 0\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow0=0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Vậy đẳng thức đc cm
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{b^2+a^2+a^2}}{ab}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(b+a+a\right)^2}}{ab}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ac}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\right)=\sqrt{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1980\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{1980}\)
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2=a+b+c+2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a+1=a+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(b+1=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(c+1=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(VT=\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{a+1}=\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)+\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)+\sqrt{c}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}=\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}\)
\(VP=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=VP\) (đpcm)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}=2\) (1)
\(VP=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(c+a\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c\left(a+b\right)}}\)
\(VP\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=2\) (2)
(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow VT< VP\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2c\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2a\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{2b+a+b}+\dfrac{2b}{2c+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{2a+a+c}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)=2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+3ca}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\) (đpcm)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{ab+b^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.a}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.a}{\dfrac{2b+a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}a}{a+3b}\)
làm tương tự với \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{bc+c^2}};\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{ca+a^2}}\)
\(=>P\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{8}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\right]=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}.3}{4}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>a=b=c
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{b+c}}=\dfrac{2a}{2\sqrt{a}.\sqrt[]{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}\) ; \(\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b+c\\b=c+a\\c=a+b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\) (không tồn tại do a;b;c dương)
\(\Rightarrow\) Dấu "=" không xảy ra
Nên \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}>2\)