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Áp dụng BĐT AG-GM:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}+b^2}=\dfrac{a^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Cmtt \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\dfrac{b^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\\\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\dfrac{c^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế theo vế của bất đẳng thức:
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\right)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AG-GM:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{a^2+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\dfrac{b}{2}\)
Cmtt\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{c}{2}\\\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế theo vế
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\right)\\ \ge\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-\dfrac{b}{2}+b-\dfrac{c}{2}+c-\dfrac{a}{2}\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2.ab.b^2}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại ta sẽ có đpcm
\(\dfrac{a+b}{ab+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(ab+c^2\right)\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\le\dfrac{a^2}{b\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b+c}{bc+a^2}\le\dfrac{b^2}{c\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{b\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\) ; \(\dfrac{c+a}{ca+b^2}\le\dfrac{c^2}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{a}\left(\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{b}\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{c}\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Lời giải:Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM và BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2+1}=\frac{bc}{(a^2+b^2)+(a^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{1}{4}.\frac{(b+c)^2}{(a^2+b^2)+(a^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại, ta có:
\(P\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b^2+a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
(đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}$
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
Đặt A = \(\dfrac{a-b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{1+b^2}=0\)
= \(\dfrac{a-b}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{b-c}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{c-a}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}\)
= \(\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
\(\dfrac{a-b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{1+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b}{ab+bc+ca+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{ab+bc+ca+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{ab+bc+ca+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
Đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\) và tương tự cho các mẫu số còn lại
Ta có:
\(\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Mặt khác:
\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^2\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đúng theo AM-GM:
\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab+2c^2}}{\sqrt{1+ab-c^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{ab+2c^2}}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+ab}}=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)\left(ab+2c^2\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+2ab+2c^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2+2c^2}=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=ab+2c^2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge ab+bc+ca+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2+ab+bc+ca\)
Áp dụng bđt cosi schwart ta có:
`VT>=(a+b+c)^2/(a+b+c+sqrt{ab}+sqrt{bc}+sqrt{ca})`
Dễ thấy `sqrt{ab}+sqrt{bc}+sqrt{ca}<a+b+c`
`=>VT>=(a+b+c)^2/(2(a+b+c))=(a+b+c)/2=3`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1.`
\(VT=\dfrac{a^3bc}{c+ab^2c}+\dfrac{ab^3c}{a+abc^2}+\dfrac{abc^3}{b+a^2bc}\)
\(=abc\left(\dfrac{a^2}{c+ab^2c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+abc^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{b+a^2bc}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz dạng engel có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{abc\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{1+abc}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Vậy...
Sai đề không bạn,tại a=b=c=2 thay vào không thỏa mãn nha
\(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{ab}{a^2+b^2-c^{^2}}+\dfrac{bc}{b^2+c^2-a^{^2}}+\dfrac{ca}{c^2+a^2-b^{^2}}\\ =\dfrac{ab}{a^2+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{bc}{b^2+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\dfrac{ca}{c^2+\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)}\\ =\dfrac{ab}{a^2-a\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{bc}{b^2-b\left(c-a\right)}+\dfrac{ca}{c^2-c\left(a-b\right)}\\ =\dfrac{b}{a-b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b-c+a}+\dfrac{a}{c-a+b}\\ =\dfrac{b}{\left(a+c\right)-b}+\dfrac{c}{\left(a+b\right)-c}+\dfrac{a}{\left(c+b\right)-a}\\ =\dfrac{b}{-b-b}+\dfrac{c}{-c-c}+\dfrac{a}{-a-a}\\ =\dfrac{b}{-2b}+\dfrac{c}{-2c}+\dfrac{a}{-2a}\\ =-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}=-\dfrac{3}{2}=VP\)