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TH1: \(x+y+z+t\ne0\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3\left(x+y+z+t\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3x=y+z+t\Rightarrow4x=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3y=x+z+t\Rightarrow4y=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3z=x+y+t\Rightarrow4z=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3t=x+y+z\Rightarrow4t=x+y+z+t\)
\(\Rightarrow4x=4y=4z=4t\\ \Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\\ =1+1+1+1\\ =4\)
TH2: \(x+y+z+t=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z=-\left(x+t\right)\\z+t=-\left(x+y\right)\\t+x=-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\\ =\dfrac{-\left(z+t\right)}{z+t}+\dfrac{-\left(t+x\right)}{t+x}+\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}+\dfrac{-\left(y+z\right)}{y+z}\\ =-1-1-1-1\\ =-4\)
Từ gt của đề bài :
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}\text{=}\dfrac{z}{x+y+t}\text{=}\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\text{=}\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3.\left(x+y+z+t\right)}\left(\cdot\right)\)
Xét TH : \(x+y+z+t\text{=}0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z\text{=}-\left(x+t\right)\\z+t\text{=}-\left(x+y\right)\\x+t\text{=}-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó : \(P\text{=}-1+-1+-1+-1\)
\(P\text{=}-4\in Z\)
TH : \(x+y+z+t\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\cdot\right)\text{=}\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Do đó : \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3x\text{=}y+z+t\)
\(\Rightarrow4x\text{=}x+y+z+t\)
\(CMTT:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4y\text{=}x+y+z+t\\4z\text{=}x+y+z+t\\4t\text{=}x+y+z+t\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà : \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{y}{x+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{z}{x+y+t}\text{=}\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow4x\text{=}4y\text{=}4z\text{=}4t\)
\(\Rightarrow x\text{=}y\text{=}z\text{=}t\)
Do đó : \(P\text{=}4\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Kham khảo :
https://olm.vn/cau-hoi/cho-cac-so-thuc-xyzt-thoa-mandfracxyztdfracyztxdfracztxydfractxyz-cmr-p-dfracxyztdfracyztx.8377111224063.
Bạn vuốt xuống dưới để xem đáp án nha.
Áp dụng tc dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{x}{2013}=\dfrac{y}{2014}=\dfrac{z}{2015}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-z}{2}=\dfrac{y-z}{1}=\dfrac{x-y}{1}\\ \Leftrightarrow x-z=2\left(y-z\right)=2\left(x-y\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)
TH1: \(x+y+z+t\ne0\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3\left(x+y+z+t\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3x=y+z+t\Rightarrow4x=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3y=x+z+t\Rightarrow4y=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3z=x+y+t\Rightarrow4z=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3t=x+y+z\Rightarrow4t=x+y+z+t\)
\(\Rightarrow4x=4y=4z=4t\\
\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\\ =1+1+1+1\\ =4\)
TH1: \(x+y+z+t=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z=-\left(x+t\right)\\z+t=-\left(x+y\right)\\t+x=-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\\ =\dfrac{-\left(z+t\right)}{z+t}+\dfrac{-\left(t+x\right)}{t+x}+\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}+\dfrac{-\left(y+z\right)}{y+z}\\ =-1-1-1-1\\ =-4\)
Lời giải:
\(\frac{x+y}{y+z}=\frac{y+z}{z+t}=\frac{z+t}{t+x}=\frac{t+x}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow (\frac{x+y}{y+z})^4=(\frac{y+z}{z+t})^4=(\frac{z+t}{t+x})^4=(\frac{t+x}{x+y})^4=\frac{x+y}{y+z}.\frac{y+z}{z+t}.\frac{z+t}{t+x}.\frac{t+x}{x+y}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} \frac{x+y}{y+z}=\frac{y+z}{z+t}=\frac{z+t}{t+x}=\frac{t+x}{x+y}=1\\ \frac{x+y}{y+z}=\frac{y+z}{z+t}=\frac{z+t}{t+x}=\frac{t+x}{x+y}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=y=z=t\\ x+y+z+t=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu $x=y=z=t$ thì:
\(A=\left(\frac{y+z}{x+t}\right)^{2013}+\left(\frac{y+t}{x+y}\right)^{2014}=\left(\frac{x+x}{x+x}\right)^{2013}+\left(\frac{x+x}{x+x}\right)^{2014}=1+1=2\in\mathbb{Z}\)
Nếu $x+y+z+t=0$ thì:
\(y+z=-(x+t); y+t=-(x+y)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=(-1)^{2013}+(-1)^{2014}=(-1)+1=0\in\mathbb{Z}\)
Vậy biểu thức $A$ luôn có giá trị nguyên.