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\(\dfrac{2}{a+2}+\dfrac{2}{b+2}+\dfrac{2}{c+2}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a+2}-1+\dfrac{2}{b+2}-1+\dfrac{2}{c+2}-1\ge2-3\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{a}{a+2}+\dfrac{b}{b+2}+\dfrac{c}{c+2}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2a}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+2a+b^2+2b+c^2+2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
Phía trên thoả mãn \(\ge1\) chứ không phải 3/2 đâu ạ
\(ab+bc+ac=3\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{ab+1}\) ( đúng với mọi \(ab\ge1\))
Giả sử:\(ab\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{ab+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2c^2+2+ab+1}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{2c^2+ab+3}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\)
Giả sử: \(\dfrac{2c^2+ab+3}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)(đúng)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2c^2+ab+3\right)\ge3\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4c^2+2ab+6\ge3\left(abc^2+ab+c^2+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4c^2+2ab+6\ge3abc^2+3ab+3c^2+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2-ab-3abc^2+3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2-ab-3abc^2+ab+ac+bc\ge0\) ( vì \(ab+ac+bc=3\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2+ac+bc-3abc^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c+a+b-3abc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c+a+b\ge3abc\)
Ta có:
\(3\left(c+a+b\right)=\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(c+a+b\right)\) ( vì \(ab+ac+bc=3\) )
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, ta có:
\(\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(c+a+b\right)\ge9abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{2c^2+ab+3}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( luôn đúng )
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đfcm )
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{y}{x};\dfrac{z}{y};\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{y}{x}\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{z}{y}\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x}{z}\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+1\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Do \(abc=1\Rightarrow\) đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(VT=\dfrac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{xy}{z\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{yz}{x\left(y+z\right)}=\dfrac{\left(xz\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{\left(xy\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{\left(yz\right)^2}{xyz\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}{2xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{3xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}{2xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
Không mất tổng quát giả sử \(c=\min (a,b,c)\)
Khi đó, do \(ab+bc+ac=3\Rightarrow ab\geq 1\).
Với $ab\geq 1$ ta có bổ đề sau: \(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\geq \frac{2}{ab+1}\)
Để cm bổ đề trên rất đơn giản. Quy đồng và biến đổi tương đương thu được \((a-b)^2(ab-1)\geq 0\) (luôn đúng với mọi \(ab\geq 1\) )
Sử dụng bổ đề vào bài toán:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{2}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}=\frac{2c^2+ab+3}{abc^2+ab+c^2+1}(*)\)
Giờ ta sẽ cm \(\frac{2c^2+ab+3}{abc^2+ab+c^2+1}\geq \frac{3}{2}(**)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(2c^2+ab+3)\geq 3(abc^2+ab+c^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2+3\geq 3abc^2+ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2+bc+ac\geq 3abc^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c+b+a\geq 3abc\).
BĐT trên đúng do theo AM-GM: \(3(a+b+c)=(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)\geq 9abc\Rightarrow a+b+c\geq 3abc\) )
Do đó $(*)$ được cm.
Từ \((*),(**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Sửa \(\le\) thành \(\ge\) nha bạn
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}=\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c+ba}=\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}a\)
\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}b\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}c\)
Cộng VTV:
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}-\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)
Vì abc=1 nên tồn tại x,y,z sao cho \(a=\dfrac{x}{y};b=\dfrac{y}{z};c=\dfrac{z}{x}\)
\(VT=\sum\dfrac{a}{ab+1}=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{y}}{\dfrac{x}{y}.\dfrac{y}{z}+1}=\sum\dfrac{xz}{xy+yz}\)
Đổi \(\left(xy;yz;zx\right)=\left(m,n,p\right)\)thì \(VT=\sum\dfrac{m}{n+p}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(BĐT-Nesbit\right)\)( đpcm)
Dấu = xảy ra khi m=n=p hay x=y=z hay a=b=c=1.
Đặt A = \(\dfrac{a-b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{1+b^2}=0\)
= \(\dfrac{a-b}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{b-c}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{c-a}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}\)
= \(\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
\(\dfrac{a-b}{1+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{1+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b}{ab+bc+ca+c^2}+\dfrac{b-c}{ab+bc+ca+a^2}+\dfrac{c-a}{ab+bc+ca+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
