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\(\left(x+2\right)^n=C^0_n\cdot x^n+C^1_n\cdot x^{n-1}\cdot2+...+C^n_n\cdot2^n\)(1)
Tổng các hệ số trong khai triển (1) là;
(1+2)^n=3^n
=>3^n=243
=>n=5
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 2018 số:
\(2017.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}+\dfrac{\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}\ge2018\sqrt[2018]{\left(6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}\right)^{2017}\dfrac{\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}}=2018.2.6^{2017}.a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}\ge2018.2.6^{2017}.a-2017.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(2a\right)^{2018}}{m}\ge2018.4.6^{2017}.a-2017.2.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{m}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{2\left(2b\right)^{2018}}{n}\ge2018.4.6^{2017}.b-2017.2.6^{2018}.\sqrt[2017]{n}\)
\(\dfrac{3.c^{2018}}{p}\ge2018.3.6^{2017}.c-2017.6^{2018}.3.\sqrt[2017]{p}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge2018.6^{2017}\left(4a+4b+3c\right)-2017.6^{2018}\left(2\sqrt[2017]{m}+2\sqrt[2017]{n}+3\sqrt[2017]{p}\right)\)
\(\ge2018.6^{2017}.42-2017.6^{2018}.7=7.6^{2018}>6^{2018}\)
Vậy \(S>6^{2018}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}\ge1-\frac{2}{2b+1}+1-\frac{3}{3c+2}=\frac{2b-1}{2b+1}+\frac{3c-1}{3c+2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(2b-1\right)\left(3c-1\right)}{\left(2b+1\right)\left(3c+2\right)}}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{2}{2b+1}\ge\frac{a-1}{a}+\frac{3c-1}{3c+2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(3c-1\right)}{a\left(3c+2\right)}}\)
\(\frac{3}{3c+2}\ge\frac{a-1}{a}+\frac{2b-1}{2b+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(2b-1\right)}{a\left(2b+1\right)}}\)
Nhân vế với vế:
\(\frac{6}{a\left(2b+1\right)\left(3c+2\right)}\ge\frac{8\left(a-1\right)\left(2b-1\right)\left(3c-1\right)}{a\left(2b+1\right)\left(3c+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(2b-1\right)\left(3c-1\right)\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Do \(a_1;a_2;...a_n\in\left[0;1\right]\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le a_1\le1\\0\le a_2\le1\\...\\0\le a_n\le1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1\left(1-a_1\right)\ge0\\a_2\left(1-a_2\right)\ge0\\...\\a_n\left(1-a_n\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1\ge a_1^2\\a_2\ge a_2^2\\...\\a_n\ge a_n^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a_1^2+a_2^2+...+a_n^2\le a_1+a_2+...+a_n\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(1+a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2\ge4\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+2\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)+\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2\ge4\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)^2-2\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(\left(a_1,a_2,...,a_n\right)=\left(0,0,..,1\right)\) và các hoán vị
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm và Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P+4=\frac{3b+3c}{2a}+\frac{4a+3c}{3b}+\frac{12b-12c}{2a+3c}+4=\frac{3b}{2a}+\frac{3c}{2a}+\frac{2a}{3b}+\frac{2a}{3b}+\frac{3c}{3b}+\frac{12b+8a}{2a+3c}\)
\(=(\frac{3b}{2a}+\frac{2a}{3b})+(\frac{3c}{2a}+\frac{3c}{3b})+(\frac{2a}{3b}+\frac{2a}{2a})+\frac{4(3b+2a)}{2a+3c}-1\)
\(\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{3b}{2a}.\frac{2a}{3b}}+3c.\frac{4}{2a+3b}+2a.\frac{4}{3b+2a}+\frac{4(3b+2a)}{2a+3c}-1\)
\(=2+\frac{4(3c+2a)}{2a+3b}+\frac{4(3b+2a)}{2a+3c}-1\geq 2+2\sqrt{\frac{4(3c+2a)}{2a+3b}.\frac{4(3b+2a)}{2a+3c}}-1\)
\(=2+8-1=9\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq 5\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=5$
\(F\left(x\right)=sin\left(2\pi-\frac{\pi}{2}+x\right)+cos\left(14\pi-\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)+sin\left(2x+\pi+x\right)-cos\left(6\pi+\pi-x\right)\)
\(=-sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)+cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+x\right)+sin\left(\pi+x\right)-cos\left(\pi-x\right)\)
\(=-cosx-sinx-sinx+cosx=-2sinx\)
b/ \(F\left(x\right)=-1\Leftrightarrow-2sinx=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow sinx=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=30^0\)
\(S=3C_0^n+\left(4+3\right)C_n^1+\left(4.2+3\right)C_n^2+...+\left(4n+3\right)C_n^n=S_1+S_2\)
Với \(S_1=3\left(C_n^0+C_n^1+...+C_n^n\right)\)
Dễ dàng thấy \(S_1=3.2^n\)
\(S_2=4.C_n^1+4.2C_n^2+...+4.n.C_n^n=4\left(1C_n^1+2C_n^2+...+nC_n^n\right)\)
Nhận thấy tất cả các số hạng \(S_2\) đều có dạng \(k.C_n^k\)
Ta có: \(k.C_n^k=k.\dfrac{n!}{k!\left(n-k\right)!}=\dfrac{n!}{\left(k-1\right)!\left(n-k\right)!}=n.\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)!}{\left(k-1\right)!.\left[\left(n-1\right)-\left(k-1\right)\right]!}=n.C_{n-1}^{k-1}\)
Nên:
\(S_2=4\left(nC_{n-1}^0+nC_{n-1}^1+...+nC_{n-1}^{n-1}\right)=4n.2^{n-1}=2n.2^n\)
Vậy \(S=S_1+S_2=\left(2n+3\right).2^n\)