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Dạng tổng quát: \(\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k}}>\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k+1}}=1\) với k = 1; 2; 3; ...; n
=> \(a=\sqrt{2}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}}+\sqrt[4]{\frac{4}{3}}+...+\sqrt[n+1]{\frac{n+1}{n}}>n\) (1)
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM cho k + 1 số dương ta có:
\(\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k}}=\sqrt[k+1]{1.1.1...1.\frac{k+1}{k}}< \frac{1+1+1+...+1+\frac{k+1}{k}}{k+1}=\frac{1.k}{k+1}+\frac{\frac{k+1}{k}}{k+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k}}< \frac{k}{k+1}+\frac{1}{k}=1-\frac{1}{k+1}+\frac{1}{k}=1+\left(\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{k+1}\right)\)
\(< 1+\frac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}\)
Áp dụng vào bài ta được:
\(a< \left(1+\frac{1}{1.2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{2.3}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{3.4}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(a< n+\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(a< n+\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(a< n+\left(1-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)< n+1\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra phần nguyên của a là n
A = \(\dfrac{\left(1^4+4\right)\left(5^4+4\right)\left(9^4+4\right)...\left(21^4+4\right)}{\left(3^4+4\right)\left(7^4+4\right)\left(11^4+4\right)...\left(23^4+4\right)}\)
Xét: n4 + 4 = (n2+2)2 - 4n2 = (n2-2n+2)(n2+2n+2) = [(n-1)2+1][(x+1)2+1] nên: A = \(\dfrac{\left(0^2+1\right)\left(2^2+1\right)}{\left(2^2+1\right)\left(4^2+1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(4^2+1\right)\left(6^2+1\right)}{\left(6^2+1\right)\left(8^2+1\right)}.....\dfrac{\left(20^2+1\right)\left(22^2+1\right)}{\left(22^2+1\right)\left(24^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{24^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{577}\)
B = \(\left(\dfrac{n-1}{1}+\dfrac{n-2}{2}+...+\dfrac{2}{n-2}+\dfrac{1}{n-1}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\)
Đặt C = \(\dfrac{n-1}{1}+\dfrac{n-2}{2}+...+\dfrac{n-\left(n-2\right)}{n-2}+\dfrac{n-\left(n-1\right)}{n-1}\)
= \(\dfrac{n}{1}+\dfrac{n}{2}+...+\dfrac{n}{n-2}+\dfrac{n}{n-1}-1-1-...-1\)
= \(n+\dfrac{n}{2}+\dfrac{n}{3}+...+\dfrac{n}{n-1}-\left(n-1\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{n}{2}+\dfrac{n}{3}+...+\dfrac{n}{n-1}+\dfrac{n}{n}\)
= \(n\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}\right)\)
Vậy ...
Giải:
Ta có tính chất tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}+k\left(\sqrt{k+1}\right)}=\frac{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}-k\left(\sqrt{k+1}\right)}{\left(k+1\right)^2k-k^2\left(k+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}-k\left(\sqrt{k+1}\right)}{\left(k+1\right)k\left(k+1-k\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\)
Áp dụng vào biểu thức
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{224}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{225}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{225}}\)
2/
a) Ta có:
\(3\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{3^2\cdot2}=\sqrt{9\cdot2}=\sqrt{18}\)
\(2\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{2^2\cdot3}=\sqrt{4\cdot3}=\sqrt{12}\)
Mà: \(12< 18\Rightarrow\sqrt{12}< \sqrt{18}\Rightarrow2\sqrt{3}< 3\sqrt{2}\)
b) Ta có:
\(4\sqrt[3]{5}=\sqrt[3]{4^3\cdot5}=\sqrt[3]{320}\)
\(5\sqrt[3]{4}=\sqrt[3]{5^3\cdot4}=\sqrt[3]{500}\)
Mà: \(320< 500\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{320}< \sqrt[3]{500}\Rightarrow4\sqrt[3]{5}< 5\sqrt[3]{4}\)
3/
a)ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne1;x\ge0\)
b) \(A=\left(1-\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\)
\(A=\left[1-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right]\left[1+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right]\)
\(A=\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)\)
\(A=1^2-\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2\)
\(A=1-x\)
2:
a: Áp dụng tính chất của DTSBN, ta được:
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2+3+4}=\dfrac{24}{9}=\dfrac{8}{3}\)
=>x=16/3; y=8; z=32/3
A=3x+2y-6z
=3*16/3+2*8-6*32/3
=16+16-64
=-32
b: Áp dụng tính chất của DTSBN, ta được:
\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{7}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{5-6+7}=\dfrac{6\sqrt{2}}{6}=\sqrt{2}\)
=>x=5căn 2; y=6căn 2; y=7căn 2
B=xy-yz
=y(x-z)
=6căn 2(5căn 2-7căn 2)
=-6căn 2*2căn 2
=-24
1: Ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{x-3}+\dfrac{4}{x+3}=\dfrac{3x-7}{x^2-9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3x+9}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\dfrac{4x-12}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{3x-7}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
Suy ra: \(3x+9+4x-12=3x-7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x=-7+12-9=-4\)
hay \(x=-1\left(nhận\right)\)
2: Ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{x-4}-\dfrac{4}{x+4}=\dfrac{3x-4}{x^2-16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3x+12}{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)}-\dfrac{4x-16}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x-4\right)}=\dfrac{3x-4}{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)
Suy ra: \(3x+12-4x+16=3x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow28-4x=-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x=32\)
hay \(x=8\left(tm\right)\)
3: Ta có: \(\dfrac{5x^2-12}{x^2-1}+\dfrac{3}{x-1}=\dfrac{5x}{x+1}\)
Suy ra: \(5x^2-12+3x+3=5x^2-5x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-9+5x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x=9\)
hay \(x=\dfrac{9}{8}\left(nhận\right)\)
\(1.\sqrt{4+\sqrt{7}}-\sqrt{4-\sqrt{7}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{8+2\sqrt{7}}-\sqrt{8-2\sqrt{7}}}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}+1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}-1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{|\sqrt{7}+1|-|\sqrt{7}-1|}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(3a.x+1-\dfrac{x-1}{3}< x-\dfrac{2x+3}{2}+\dfrac{x}{3}+5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6\left(x+1\right)-2\left(x-1\right)}{6}< \dfrac{6x-3\left(2x+3\right)+2x+30}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x+6-2x+2< 6x-6x-9+2x+30\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x-2x-2x+6+2+9-30< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-13< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x< \dfrac{13}{2}\)
KL...............
\(b.5+\dfrac{x+4}{5}< x-\dfrac{x-2}{2}+\dfrac{x+3}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{150+6\left(x+4\right)}{30}< \dfrac{30x-15\left(x-2\right)+10\left(x+3\right)}{30}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow150+6x+24< 30x-15x+30+10x+30\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x-30x+15x-10x+150+24-30-30< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-19x+114< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x>6\)
KL..................
Câu 4 :
Ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{3}{1-x}+\dfrac{4}{x}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{3}{1-x}+\dfrac{4}{x}\right)\left[\left(1-x\right)+x\right]\)
Theo BĐT Bu - nhi a - cốp xki ta có :
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{3}{1-x}+\dfrac{4}{x}\right)\left[\left(1-x\right)+x\right]\ge\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{3\left(1-x\right)}{1-x}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{4x}{x}}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)^2=7+4\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{3}{\left(1-x\right)^2}=\dfrac{4}{x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2=4x^2-8x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x+4=0\)
\(\Delta=64-16=48>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=4+2\sqrt{3}\\x_2=4-2\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy GTNN của\(A=7+4\sqrt{3}\) khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x_1=4+2\sqrt{3}\\x_2=4-2\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
1: Ta có: \(\dfrac{-3}{x-4}-\dfrac{3-5x}{x^2-16}=\dfrac{1}{x+4}\)
Suy ra: \(-3\left(x+4\right)-3+5x=x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3x-12-3+5x-x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=11\left(nhận\right)\)
2. ĐKXĐ: $x\neq \pm 2$
PT \(\Leftrightarrow \frac{3(x-2)}{(2+x)(x-2)}-\frac{x-1}{(x-2)(x+2)}=\frac{2(x+2)}{(x-2)(x+2)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{3(x-2)-(x-1)}{(x-2)(x+2)}=\frac{2(x+2)}{(x-2)(x+2)}\)
\(\Rightarrow 3(x-2)-(x-1)=2(x+2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2x-5=2x+4\Leftrightarrow 9=0\) (vô lý)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm
\(S_n=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{2}{4^2}+\dfrac{3}{4^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{4^n}}\)
\(S_{16}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{2}{4^2}+\dfrac{3}{4^3}+...+\dfrac{16}{4^{16}}}\)
Đặt: \(S_{16}=\sqrt{T}\Leftrightarrow T=\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{2}{4^2}+\dfrac{3}{4^3}+...+\dfrac{16}{4^{16}}\)
\(4T=1+\dfrac{2}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{16}{4^{15}}\)
\(4T-T=\left(1+\dfrac{2}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{16}{4^{15}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{2}{4^2}+\dfrac{3}{4^3}+...+\dfrac{16}{4^{16}}\right)\)
\(3T=1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{15}}-\dfrac{16}{4^{16}}\)
Đặt: \(G=1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{15}}\)
\(4G=4+1+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{14}}\)
\(4G-G=\left(4+1+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{14}}\right)-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{15}}\right)\)
\(3G=4-\dfrac{1}{4^{15}}\)
\(G=\dfrac{4}{3}=\dfrac{1}{4^{15}.3}\)
\(T=\dfrac{4}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4^{15}.3}-\dfrac{16}{4^{16}}\)
\(S_{16}=\sqrt{T}=\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4^{15}.3}-\dfrac{16}{4^{16}}}\)
bn ơi cái này mk bt lm r` sử dụng Xích - ma nha !
kq\(\simeq1,3472\)