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M là trung điểm BC \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{IM}=2\overrightarrow{AI}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AM}=2\overrightarrow{AI}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{AM}=2\overrightarrow{AI}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Đặt \(\overrightarrow{AK}=x.\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+x.\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Do B, I, K thẳng hàng \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BK}\) và \(BI\) cùng phương
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-1}{\left(-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)}=\dfrac{x}{\left(\dfrac{1}{6}\right)}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(\overrightarrow{AK}+\overrightarrow{KC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{AK}+\dfrac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{KC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{5}\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{KC}\)
\(\Rightarrow4.\overrightarrow{AK}=1.\overrightarrow{KC}\Rightarrow4.\overrightarrow{KA}=1.\overrightarrow{CK}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n=4\\m=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Các kí hiệu em ghi như IM=2AI và nKA=mCK nó là đoạn thẳng hay có vecto?
a: \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
Xét ΔBAD có BI là đường trung tuyến
nên \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{5}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\overrightarrow{BM}\)
=>B,I,M thẳng hàng
Cách 1: Dùng định lý Menelaus đảo:
Từ đề bài, ta có \(\dfrac{BD}{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\), \(\dfrac{MC}{MA}=\dfrac{3}{2}\), \(\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{BD}{BC}.\dfrac{MC}{MA}.\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
Theo định lý Menelaus đảo, suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
Cách 2: Dùng vector
Ta có \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
Lại có \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{MC}{AC}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{MA}{AC}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}.\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\), suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
