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Theo giả thiết: \(xyz=x+y+z+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz+xy+yz+zx+x+y+z+1\)\(=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+2\left(x+y+z\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy+x+y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\)\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)+\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\)\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)+\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=1\). Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x+1};b=\frac{1}{y+1};c=\frac{1}{z+1}\)
Khi đó a + b + c = 1 và \(x=\frac{1-a}{a}=\frac{b+c}{a}\);\(y=\frac{1-b}{b}=\frac{c+a}{b}\);\(z=\frac{1-c}{c}=\frac{a+b}{c}\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(x+y+z+6\ge2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z+6\ge\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2-\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z+3\right)}\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2\left[\left(x+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)+\left(z+1\right)\right]}\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left[\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{c}}\)
BĐT cuối hiển nhiên đúng vì đây là BĐT Bunyakovski do đó bài toán được chứng minh.
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)hay x = y = z = 2
vì x+y+z=1nên
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\)\(\frac{x+y+z}{x}+\frac{x+y+z}{y}+\frac{x+y+z}{z}\)\(=3+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\)=\(3+\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{yz}+\frac{x^2+z^2}{xz}\)
nen \(\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{yz}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{xz}{x^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\) =\(\left(\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2+y^2}{4xy}\right)+\left(\frac{yz}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{4yz}\right)+\left(\frac{xz}{x^2+z^2}+\frac{x^2+z^2}{xz}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2.1}{2}+\frac{2.1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{15}{4}\)(dpcm)
dau = xay ra khi x=y=z=1/3
\(Vt=\left(x-y\right)^2+\frac{\left(1-xy\right)}{\left(x-y\right)^2}^2+2xy\ge2\left(1-xy\right)+2xy=2\)(AM-GM)
x,y>0 => theo bdt AM-GM thì x+y >/ 2 căn (xy)=2 , x^2+y^2 >/ 2xy=2 (do xy=1)
P=(x+y+1)(x^2+y^2)+4/(x+y)
>/ 2(x+y+1)+4/(x+y)=[(x+y)+4/(x+y)]+(x+y+2)
x,y>0=>x+y>0 => theo bdt AM-GM thì P >/ 2.2+2+2=8
minP=8
Đặt biểu thức trên là A
\(A=x^2+y^2+\left(\frac{xy-1}{x-y}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\frac{\left(xy-1\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+2xy\ge2\sqrt{\left(x-y\right)^2\frac{\left(xy-1\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}}+2xy\)
\(=2\sqrt{\left(xy-1\right)^2}+2xy\)
\(=2\left|xy-1\right|+2xy\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô si
- Nếu thấy \(xy\ge1\Rightarrow A\ge2xy-2+2xy=4xy-2\ge2\)
- Nếu \(xy< 1\Rightarrow A>-2xy+2+2xy=2\)
Vậy : \(A\ge2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có:Xét hiệu \(x^2+y^2+\left(\frac{xy-1}{x-y}\right)^2-2=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(\frac{xy-1}{x-y}\right)^2+2\left(xy-1\right)\ge0\)
\(=\left(x-y+\frac{xy-1}{x-y}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+\left(\frac{xy-1}{x-y}\right)^2\ge2\left(đpcm\right)\)