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\(\left(\frac{2^2-1}{2^2}\right)\left(\frac{3^2-1}{3^2}\right)\left(\frac{4^2-1}{4^2}\right)...\left(\frac{\left(n-1\right)^2-1}{\left(n-1\right)^2}\right)\left(\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\right)\)
=\(\frac{\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)}{2^2}.\frac{\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)}{3^2}.\frac{\left(4-1\right)\left(4+1\right)}{4^2}...\frac{\left(n-2\right)n}{\left(n-1\right)^2}.\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}{n^2}\)
=\(\frac{1.3}{2^2}.\frac{2.4}{3^2}.\frac{3.5}{4^2}...\frac{\left(n-2\right).n}{\left(n-1\right)^2}.\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}{n^2}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{n+1}{n}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2n}>\frac{1}{2}\)
Đặt biểu thức trên là A.
Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\)).(\(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\))=1
=>\(\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}=\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\)
Từ trên: \(\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right).\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{2n+1}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+1+n}\)
Lại có :\(\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)+n}< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right).n}=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)(Bất đẳng thức Cô-si)
Thế số vào, ta được :
A<\(\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)=\(\frac{1}{2}.\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(1-\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{n^2+n-2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\left(1-\frac{2}{2.3}\right)\left(...\right).....\left[1-\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]=\frac{1.4}{2.3}.\frac{2.5}{3.4}.\frac{3.6}{4.5}.\frac{4.7}{5.6}....\frac{\left(n-2\right)\left(n+1\right)}{\left(n-1\right).n}.\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}.\frac{n+2}{n}=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3}.\frac{2}{n}>\frac{1}{3}\)