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a. Ag không phản ứng nên ta có PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2MgO\)
\(\rightarrow m_{O_2}=m_{hh}-m_{\mu\text{ối}}=18,8-15,6=3,2g\)
\(\rightarrow n_{O_2}=\frac{3,2}{32}=0,1mol\)
b. \(\rightarrow V_{O_2}=n.22,4=22,4.0,1=2,24l\)
\(\rightarrow V_{kk}=4,48.5=11,2l\)
c. Có \(n_{Mg}=2n_{O_2}=0,2l\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8g\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\frac{4,8.100}{15,6}\approx30,77\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Ag}=100\%-30,77\%=69,23\%\)
a) Gọi số mol Al, Zn là 2a, a (mol)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
2a-->1,5a---------->a
2Zn + O2 --to--> 2ZnO
a---->0,5a------->a
=> \(102a+81a=18,3\)
=> a = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,1.65}.100\%=45,378\%\\\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{0,2.27+0,1.65}.100\%=54,622\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{O_2}=1,5a+0,5a=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{O_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
a) \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: S + O2 --to--> SO2
0,5<-0,5<------0,5
=> mS = 0,5.32 = 16(g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_S=\dfrac{16}{22,2}.100\%=72,07\%\\\%m_P=\dfrac{22,2-16}{22,2}.100\%=27,93\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_P=\dfrac{22,2-16}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 --to--> 2P2O5
0,2-->0,25----->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
c)
PTHH: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
0,5<-------------------0,75
=> \(m_{KClO_3}=0,5.122,5=61,25\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH:
\(S+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)SO_2\\ 4P+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2P_2O_5\)
- Chất khí mùi hắc là SO2
- Chất rắn sau phản ứng có m(g) là P2O5
Đặt: nS=a(mol); nP=b(mol) (a,b>0) (nguyên, dương)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}32a+31b=22,2\\22,4a=11,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_S=\dfrac{0,5.32}{22,2}.100\approx72,072\%\\\%m_P\approx100\%-72,072\%\approx27,928\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(n_{O_2}=a+\dfrac{5}{4}b=0,5+\dfrac{5}{4}.0,2=0,75\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,75.22,4=16,8\left(l\right)\)
c)
\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2.0,75}{3}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=122,5.0,5=61,25\left(g\right)\)
A/ nO2=0,3 mol
C + O2-----> Co2
x mol x mol xmol
S+ O2------> SO2
y mol y mol y mol
Ta co x+y=0,3
12x+32y=5,6
=> x=0,2 y=0,1
B/mC=0,2.12=2,4g mS= 0,1.32=3,2g
C/ %mC=(2,4/5,6).100=42,8%
%mS=57,2%
D/ %Co2=(0,2/0,3).100=66,7%
%So2=33,3%
nO2=0,3mol
gọi x,y là số mol của C và S trong hh
PTHH: C+O2=>CO2
x->x------x>
S+O2=>SO2
y->y------>y
theo 2 pthh trên ta có hpt:
\(\begin{cases}12x+32y=5,6\\x+y=0,3\end{cases}\)
<=> \(\begin{cases}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{cases}\)
=> mC=0,2.12=2,4g
=> mS=5,6-2,4=3,2g
%mC=2,4/5,6.100=41,89%
=>%mO=100-41,89=58,11%
m khí thu được =mCO2+SO2=0,2.44+0,1.64=15,2g
=> %mCO2=0,2.44/15,2.100=57,89%
=>%mSO2=100-57,89=42,11%
a) PTHH: \(2CO+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2\) (1)
\(4H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\) (2)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,8}{44}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=0,1mol\\n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO}=0,1\cdot28=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CO}=\dfrac{2,8}{2,8+0,4}\cdot100\%=87,5\%\\\%m_{H_2}=12,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{KMnO_4}=2n_{O_2}=0,6mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,6\cdot158=94,8\left(g\right)\)
a)
Theo ĐLBTKL: \(m_{Fe\left(bđ\right)}+m_{O_2}=m_X\)
=> \(m_{O_2}=26,4-20=6,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b)
PTHH: 3Fe + 2O2 --to--> Fe3O4
0,2------->0,1
=> \(\%m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{0,1.232}{26,4}.100\%=87,88\%\)
c)
- Nếu dùng KClO3
PTHH: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
\(\dfrac{0,4}{3}\)<-----------------0,2
=> \(m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,4}{3}.122,5=\dfrac{49}{3}\left(g\right)\)
- Nếu dùng KMnO4:
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0,4<--------------------------------0,2
=> \(m_{KMnO_4}=0,4.158=63,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=27,8.19,2\%=5,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{Fe}=27,8-5,4=22,4\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,2-->0,15------->0,1
3Fe + 2O2 --to--> Fe3O4
0,4-->4/15--------->2/15
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{kk}=\left(0,15+\dfrac{4}{15}\right).22,4.5=\dfrac{140}{3}\left(l\right)\\m_{Cran}=0,1.102+\dfrac{2}{15}.232=\dfrac{617}{15}\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mAl=27,8.19,42%=5,4g
⇒nAl=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2mol
⇒nFe=\(\dfrac{27,8-5,4}{56}\)=0,4mol
4Al+3O2to→2Al2O34
3Fe+2O2to→Fe3O4
⇒nO2=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)nAl+\(\dfrac{2}{3}\)nFe=\(\dfrac{5}{12}\)mol
⇒Vkk=\(\dfrac{5}{12}\).22,4.5=46,67l
b,
mrắn=27,8+mO2=27,8+\(\dfrac{5}{12}\)32=41,1g
a) \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
b) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,2}{22,4}=0,1875\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,25<--0,1875--->0,125
=> mAg = 26,45 - 0,25.27 = 19,7 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,125.102}{0,125.102+19,7}.100\%=39,29\%\\\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{19,7}{0,125.102+19,7}.100\%=60,71\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ag không tác dụng với O2 ở nhiệt độ thường, đk thường
\(a,4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ b,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,2}{22,4}=0,1875\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{4}{3}.0,1875=0,25\left(mol\right)\\\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,25.27}{26,45}.100\approx25,52\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Ag}\approx100\%-25,52\%\approx74,48\%\)