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Đặt: f(a;b;c) =\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\)
Vai trò của a, b, c là như nhau có thể giả sử: \(a=max\left\{a,b,c\right\}\)
Ta có: \(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{ab}+a}\)
\(=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}}=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
Ta chứng minh:
\(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
+) Chứng minh: \(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\)
Xét : \(f\left(a;b;c\right)-f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)=\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}-\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{b\left(a+c\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)-2\sqrt{b}\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab\sqrt{a}-ab\sqrt{b}+2bc\sqrt{a}-2ac\sqrt{b}+c^2\sqrt{a}-c^2\sqrt{b}}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-c\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge0\)vì a=max{a,b,c} => \(a\ge b\)
=> \(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\)(1)
+) Chứng minh:\(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
Xét: \(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)-\frac{7}{5}=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\frac{7}{5}\)\(=\frac{\frac{a}{b}}{\frac{a}{b}+1}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}+1}-\frac{7}{5}\)(2)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}=x\left(đk:x\le3\right)\)Ta có:
(2)=\(\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{2}{x+1}-\frac{7}{5}\)\(=\frac{5x^3+5x^2+10x^2+10-7x^3-7x^2-7x-7}{5\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-2x^3+8x^2-7x+3}{5\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{\left(3-x\right)\left(2x^2-2x+1\right)}{5\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\ge0\)
=> \(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)(3)
Từ (1); (3) => \(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
"=" xảy ra <=> a=3; b=1/3; c=1 và các hoán vị
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\cdot\frac{b+c}{4bc}}=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}\cdot\frac{c+a}{4ca}}=\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\cdot\frac{a+b}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Mà\(\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)nên:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
hay\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
Bất đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+ab}}=\frac{ab+2c^2}{\sqrt{\left(ab+2c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)}}\ge\frac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+2ab+2c^2}\ge\frac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=ab+2c^2\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\frac{bc+2a^2}{1+bc-a^2}}\ge bc+2a^2\) ; \(\sqrt{\frac{ca+2b^2}{1+ac-b^2}}\ge ca+2b^2\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca=2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a/ \(VT=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}\)
b/ \(VT\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{bc}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{ca}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{a}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{a}, y=\frac{1}{b}, z=\frac{1}{c}, \Rightarrow x+y+z=2\)
Suy ra \(\frac{1}{a\left(2a-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{b\left(2b-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{c\left(2c-1\right)^2}=\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}\)
Ta có \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{2-x}{8}+\frac{2-x}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2} .\frac{2-x}{8}.\frac{2-x}{8}}=\frac{3x}{4}.\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}\ge x+y+z-\frac{3}{2}=2-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)hay \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(abc+ab+bc+ca=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+1=a+b+c+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)=a+b+c+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a+1};\frac{1}{b+1};\frac{1}{c+1}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
\(P=\sum\frac{x}{x^2+1}=\sum\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}=\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
Mặt khác \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\le\frac{9}{4\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
Bài 1. Ta có: \(a\left(a+2\right)\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\therefore\frac{1}{4a^2-2a+1}\ge\frac{1}{a^4+a^2+1}\)
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Bài 5: Bất đẳng thức này đúng với mọi a, b, c là các số thực. Chứng minh:
Quy đồng và chú ý các mẫu thức đều không âm, ta cần chứng minh:
\(\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\Sigma\left[\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2c^2\right]\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
Đây là điều hiển nhiên.
\(VT=\frac{b^2c^2}{b+c}+\frac{a^2c^2}{a+c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
