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\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\y+z=-x\\x+z=-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(B=\dfrac{16.\left(-z\right)}{z}+\dfrac{3.\left(-x\right)}{x}-\dfrac{2019.\left(-y\right)}{y}=2019-19=2000\)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
+, \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=-z;x+z=-y;y+z=-x\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{xyz}{-xyz}=-1\)
+, \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x^3}{2x\cdot2x\cdot2x}=\frac{1}{8}\)
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}=1\\ =>\dfrac{x}{y+z}=1-\dfrac{y}{z+x}-\dfrac{z}{x+y}\\ =>\dfrac{x}{y+z}=\dfrac{(z+x)(x+y)-y(x+y)-z(z+x)}{(z+x)(x+y)}\\ =>\dfrac{x}{y+z}=\dfrac{xz+yz+x^{2}+xy-xy-y^{2}-z^{2}-xz}{(z+x)(x+y)}\\ =>\dfrac{x}{y+z}=\dfrac{x^{2}-y^{2}-z^{2}+yz}{(z+x)(x+y)}\\ =>\dfrac{x^{2}}{y+z}=\dfrac{x^{3}-xy^{2}-xz^{2}+xyz}{(z+x)(x+y)} \ \ \ \ (1)\\ =>\dfrac{y^{2}}{z+x}=\dfrac{y^{3}-yz^{2}-yx^{2}+xyz}{(x+y)(y+z)} \ \ \ \ (2)\\ =>\dfrac{z^{2}}{x+y}=\dfrac{z^{3}-zx^{2}-zy^{2}+xyz}{(y+z)(z+x)} \ \ \ \ (3)\)
Cộng vế vs vế của (1),(2) và (3) ta đc \(\dfrac{x^{2}}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^{2}}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^{2}}{x+y}=0\)
\(M=\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz}{x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx}\)
Đặt \(N=x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3x^2y-3xy^2+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3x^2y-3xy^2-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right).z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-zx-yz+z^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-zx-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
Vậy \(M=\frac{N}{x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)}{x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx}=x+y+z=2016\)
(*) bn ghi sai đề 1 chỗ nhé:ở mẫu thức của M phải là \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\) nhé!
Ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\left(gt\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3z\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^3-\left(x+y+z\right)\left(3xy+3zx+3yz\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2xz+2yz-3xy-3xz-3yz\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-xz-yz\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=0\\\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0\\\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
Mà \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(y-z\right)^2=0\\\left(z-x\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-z=0\\z-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\y=z\\z=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z\)
Xét trường hợp x = y = z, ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^3}{2x.2x.2x}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^3}{8x^3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Xét trường hợp x + y + z = 0, ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\left(y+z\right)\\y=-\left(x+z\right)\\z=-\left(y+x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=-1\)
(x+y)^3 - 3xy(x+y) + z^3 - 3xyz = 0
(x+y+z) ( (x+y)^2 +z^2 -z(x+y) -3xy) =0
(x+y+z) ( x^2+ 2xy+y^2 +z^2- zx-zy-3xy)=0
(x+y+z) ( x^2+y^2+z^2 -zx-zy -xy)=0
Suy ra x+y+z =0
x+y = -z
y+z = -x
x+z = -y
B = -16 + (-3) +2038 = 2019
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x=y=z\end{cases}}\left(x,y,z\ne0\right)\)
+) x + y + z = 0 \(\Rightarrow B=\frac{-16z}{z}+\frac{-3x}{x}-\frac{-2038y}{y}\)
\(=-16-3+2038=2019\)
+) x = y = z \(\Rightarrow B=\frac{16.2z}{z}+\frac{3.2x}{x}-\frac{2038.2y}{y}\)
\(=32+6-4076=-4038\)
Ta có: x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = 0
x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 + z3 - 3xy(x + y) - 3xyz = 0
(x + y)3 + z2 - 3xy(x + y + z) = 0
(x + y + z)[(x + y)2 - (x + y)z + z2] - 3xy(x + y + z) = 0
(x + y + z)(x2 + 2xy + y2 - xz - yz + z2) - 3xy(x + y + z) = 0
(x + y + z)(x2 + 2xy + y2 - xz - yz + z2 - 3xy) = 0
(x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 - xz - yz - xy) = 0
=> x + y + z = 0 hoặc x2 + y2 + z2 - xz - yz - xy = 0
+) Với x + y + z = 0
<=> x + y = -z, x + z = -y, y + z = -x
Thay x + y = -z, x + z = -y, y + z = -x vào P, ta có:
\(P=\frac{xyz}{\left(-z\right)\left(-x\right)\left(-y\right)}=-1\)
+) Với x2 + y2 + z2 - xz - yz - xy = 0
=> 2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 - 2xz - 2yz - 2xy = 0
=> (x2 - 2xy + y2) + (x2 - 2xz + z2) + (y2 - 2yz + z2) = 0
=> (x - y)2 + (x - z)2 + (y - z)2 = 0
=> (x - y)2 = 0 và (x - z)2 = 0 và (y - z)2 = 0
=> x = y và x = z và y = z
=> x = y = z
Thay x = y = z vào P, ta có:
\(P=\frac{xxx}{\left(x+x\right)\left(x+x\right)\left(x+x\right)}=\frac{x^3}{\left(2x\right)^3}=\frac{x^3}{8x^3}=\frac{1}{8}\)
x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = 3xyz
<=> (x + y + z)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 -xy -yz - zx) = 0
vì x+y+z khác 0 => x^2 + y^2 + z^2 -xy -yz - zx = 0
nhân 2 vế cho 2 => (x - y)^2 + (y - z)^2 + (z -x)^2 = 0
=> x = y = z
thay vào P ta dc: P= xxx/(2x.2x.2x) = x^3/8x^3 = 1/8
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