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a)2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2
Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2
2Al+6H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O
2Fe+6H2SO4→Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O
Cu+2H2SO4→CuSO4+SO2+2H2O
hh:Al(amol),Fe(bmol),Cu(cmol)
nNaOH=0,2×2=0,4mol
nHCl=0,4×2=0,8mol
⇒nHClpu=0,8−0,4=0,4mol
nSO2=5,6\22,4=0,25mol
27a+56b+64c=14,2
0,5a×3+0,5b×2=0,4
0,5a×1,5+0,5b×1,5+0,5c=0,25
⇒a=0,2;b=0,1;c=0,05
mAl=0,2×27=5,4g
mFe=0,1×56=5,6g
mCu=0,05×64=3,2g
b)mddspu=7,1+50−0,25×64=41,1g
C%Al2(SO4)3=41,6%
C%Fe2(SO4)3=24,33%
C%CuSO4=9,73%
\(Đặt:n_{MnO_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{KMnO_4}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=87a+158b=37.96\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a+2.5b=0.45\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.4,b=0.02\)
\(\%MnO_2=\dfrac{0.4\cdot87}{37.96}\cdot100\%=91.68\%\\\%KMnO_4=100-91.68=8.32\% \)
\(m_M=m_{KCl}+m_{MnCl_2}=0.02\cdot74.5+\left(0.4+0.02\right)\cdot126=54.41g\)
\(n_{PbS}=\dfrac{47,8}{239}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn S: \(n_{FeS}=n_{H_2S}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,1<----------------------0,1
=> mFe = 0,1.56 = 5,6 (g)
mFeS = 0,2.88 = 17,6 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{5,6+17,6}.100\%=24,138\%\\\%m_{FeS}=\dfrac{17,6}{5,6+17,6}.100\%=75,862\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 27y = 7,8 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2x + 3y = 0,8 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%\approx30,77\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx69,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT Mg và Al, có:
nMgCl2 = nMg = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.95+0,2.133,5}.100\%\approx26,24\%\\\%m_{AlCl_3}\approx73,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Phần 1:
Đặt `n_{NaHCO_3}=x(mol);n_{Na_2CO_3}=y(mol)`
`->84x+106y={7,6}/2=3,8(1)`
`10ml=0,01l;300ml=0,3l`
`n_{HCl\ bd}=0,3.0,3=0,09(mol)`
`NaHCO_3+HCl->NaCl+CO_2+H_2O`
`Na_2CO_3+2HCl->2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O`
`NaOH+HCl->NaCl+H_2O`
Theo PT: `n_{HCl\ du}=n_{NaOH}=0,01.3=0,03(mol)`
`->n_{HCl\ pu}=x+2y=0,09-0,03=0,06(2)`
`(1)(2)->x=0,02(mol);y=0,02(mol)`
`->` Hỗn hợp ban đầu có \(\begin{cases}m_{NaHCO_3}=0,02.84.2=3,36(g)\\ m_{Na_2CO_3}=7,6-3,36=4,24(g)\end{cases}\)
Phần 2:
`NaHCO_3+Ca(OH)_2->CaCO_3+NaOH+H_2O`
`Na_2CO_3+Ca(OH)_2->CaCO_3+2NaOH`
Theo PT: `n_{CaCO_3}=x+y=0,04(mol)`
`->m_{\downarrow}=m_{CaCO_3}=0,04.100=4(g)`