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$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{9,45}.100\%\approx 42,86\%$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-42,86=57,14\%$
$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,45(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,45.110\%}{0,5}=0,99M$
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
mCu = mY = 9,6 (g)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b
=> 27a + 24b = 14,7 - 9,6 = 5,1 (g)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a-->3a-------->a------>1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--->2b------->b----->b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,25
=> a = 0,1; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=9,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl(PTHH) = 3a + 2b = 0,5 (mol)
=> nHCl(thực tế) = \(\dfrac{0,5.120}{100}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(HCldư\right)}=\dfrac{0,6-0,5}{0,2}=0,5M\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuCl_2\)
0,15-->0,15
=> \(V_{Cl_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+24y=12,5\\x+y=0,35\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=6,5\left(g\right);m_{Mg}=6\left(g\right)\\ b.Tacó:BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}.1>n_{H_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow HCldưsauphảnứng\\ Dungdịchsauphảnứnggồm:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ZnCl_2:0,1\left(mol\right)\\MgCl_2:0,25\left(mol\right)\\HCl_{dư}:0,8-0,7=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_{ddsaupu}=200+12,5-0,35.2=212,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{212,8}.100=6,39\%;C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{212,8}.100=11,16\%;C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{212,8}.100=1,72\%\)
Đổi: 400ml = 0,4l
nHCl = CM.V = 0,4 (mol)
Pthh:
FeO + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2O
0,025 0,05 0,025
CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
nCO2 = V/22,4 = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 (mol)
=> mCaCO3 = M.n = 100 x 0,1 = 10 (g)
=> mFeO = 1,8 (g) => nFeO = 0,025 (mol)
=> nHCl(dư) = 0,4 - 0,2 - 0,05 = 0,15 (mol)
+) CMHCl(dư) = n/V = 0,15/0,4 = 0,375 mol
+) CMFeCl2 = n/V = 0,025/4 = 0,0625 mol
+) CMCaCl2 = n/V = 0,1/4 = 0,25 mol