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a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: R + 2HCl --> RCl2 + H2
0,12<-0,24<---------0,12
=> \(M_R=\dfrac{7,8}{0,12}=65\left(Zn\right)\)
=> Kim loại cần tìm là Kẽm
b) nNaOH = 0,08.2 = 0,16 (mol)
PTHH: NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O
0,16--->0,16
=> nHCl = 0,16 + 0,24 = 0,4 (mol)
=> \(C_{M\left(ddHCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1M\)
Không viết phương trình nhá !!
a) Gọi a và b lần lượt là số mol của Mg và Al
\(\Rightarrow24a+27b=1,035\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,176}{22,4}=0,0525\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=2\cdot0,0525\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,015\\b=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,015\cdot24}{1,035}\cdot100\%\approx34,78\%\\\%m_{Al}=65,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(p/ứ\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,0525\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,0475\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,0475\cdot98=4,655\left(g\right)\)
c) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,0125\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,015\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{oxit}=0,0125\cdot102+0,015\cdot40=1,875\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_A=1,035\left(g\right)\rightarrow24a+27b=1,035\) (1)
\(Mg+2H_2SO_4đ\rightarrow MgSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)
a ------------ 2a ----------------------- a (mol)
\(2Al+6H_2SO_4đ\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O\)
b ------------ 3b -------------------------- 1,5b (mol)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1,176}{22,4}=0,0525\left(mol\right)\rightarrow a+1,5b=0,0525\) (2)
Giải hệ (1)(2) \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,015\\b=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,015.24=0,36\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,025.27=0,675\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=34,78\%\\\%m_{Al}=65,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\Sigma_{n_{H_2SO_4}}=2a+3b=0,105\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,105.98=10,29\left(g\right)\)
c. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=0,0125\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=0,015.40+0,0125.102=1,875\left(g\right)\)
Gọi kim loại cần tìm là A
a) PTHH: \(A+H_2O\rightarrow AOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
\(AOH+HCl\rightarrow ACl+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_A=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{7,8}{0,2}=39\) \(\Rightarrow\) Kim loại cần tìm là Kali
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KCl}=0,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=0,2mol\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\cdot20\%=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KCl}=0,2\cdot74,5=14,9\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,04\cdot36,5=1,46\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=2\cdot0,1=0,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_K+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=7,8+\dfrac{0,24\cdot36,5}{10\%}-0,2=95,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{14,9}{95,2}\cdot100\%\approx15,65\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1,46}{95,2}\cdot100\%\approx1,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
Gọi : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 27a + 56b = 1,66(1)
\(2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe +2 HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} = 0,05(2)\)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,02 ; b = 0,02
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,02.27}{1,66}.100\% = 32,53\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 32,53\% = 67,47\%\)
a)
\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,05.2 = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,1.36,5}{100}.100\% = 3,65\%\)
a) Gọi kim loại cần tìm là R
\(n_R=\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2R + 2nHCl --> 2RCln + nH2
\(\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\)------------>\(\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\)
=> \(M_{RCl_n}=M_R+35,5n=\dfrac{37,38}{\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}}\)
=> \(M_R=9n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Xét n = 1 => MR = 9(Loại)
Xét n = 2 => MR = 18 (Loại)
Xét n = 3 => MR = 27(g/mol) => R là Al (Nhôm)
b)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{7,56}{27}=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,28-->0,84--->0,28--->0,42
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,42.22,4=9,408\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,84.36,5=30,66\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{30,66.100}{12}=255,5\left(g\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 7,56 + 255,5 - 0,42.2 = 262,22 (g)
=> \(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{37,38}{262,22}.100\%=14,255\%\)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)
a) Gọi số mol Zn, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 65a + 56b = 8,56 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,136}{22,4}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a--->2a-------->a----->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b----->2b------->b------>b
=> a + b = 0,14 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,08; b = 0,06
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,08.65}{8,56}.100\%=60,748\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,06.56}{8,56}.100\%=39,252\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
nKOH = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 (mol)
PTHH: KOH + HCl --> KCl + H2O
0,02-->0,02
=> nHCl = 0,02 + 2a + 2b = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=xM=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15}=2M\)
c) m = 0,08.136 + 0,06.127 = 18,5(g)
Ý a:
200 gam H2SO4 4,9% có mH2SO4 bđ = 4,9%*200 = 9,8 gam
mdd sau = mdd ban đầu + mSO2 = 200+m
H2O + SO3 -> H2SO4
=> nSO3 = nH2SO4 = \(\frac{m}{80}\)
=> mH2SO4 tạo thành = \(\frac{m}{80}\)*98= 1,225m
=> mH2SO4 sau = 9,8 + 1,225m
Ta có nồng độ dd sau = 9,8%=\(\frac{9,8+1,225m}{200+m}\cdot100\%\)
=> m = 8,7 gam
a,
\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
Gọi a là mol SO3 thêm vào
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2SO4}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4_{ban.dau}}=\frac{300.9,8}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{H2}\)
Gọi x là mol kim loại X hoá trị n
Bảo toàn e: \(n_x=0,3.2=0,6\)
\(x=\frac{0,6}{n}\Rightarrow M_X=\frac{5,4n}{0,6}=9n\)
\(n=3\Rightarrow M=27\left(Al\right)\)
c,
B chứa 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow2Al\left(OH\right)_2+3Na_2SO_4\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
* TH1: Dư Al2(SO4)3 (dư 0,05 mol)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\frac{0,3.40}{10\%}=120\left(g\right)\)
* TH2: dư kiềm (kết tủa tan 1 phần)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH_{tao.kt}}=0,6\left(mol\right)\).
Có 0,2 mol Al(OH)3 tạo ra ban đầu
\(\Rightarrow\)Có 0,2-0,1= 0,1 mol Al(OH)3 tan
\(Al\left(OH\right)_2+NaOH\rightarrow\Leftarrow NaClO_2+2H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Sigma n_{NaOH}=0,6+0,1=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\frac{0,7.40}{10\%}=280\left(g\right)\)