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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.

Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short. By the time most sportspeople are in their forties, they are already considered to be past their prime, and as a result they need to earn their money as quickly as possible. In such a high-pressure environment, success has to come quickly and increasingly often drugs are playing a prominent role.

There are a number of specific effects that sportspeople are aiming to achieve by taking performance­enhancing drugs. Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required. In addition, there are those who are looking to build their body strength and turn to the use of anabolic steroids. Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose, but for sportspeople something more direct is often required, and this has led to an increase in the use of beta-blockers specifically to steady nerves.

Increasingly accurate drug testing is leading companies and suppliers to ever-more creative ways of avoiding detection, and there are a range of banned substances that are still taken by sportspeople in order to disguise the use of other, more potent drugs. Diuretics is a good example of this: in addition to allowing the body to lose excess weight, they are used to hide other substances.

Drugs or not, the working life of the average sportsperson is hard and often painful. Either through training or on the field, injuries are common and can lead to the use of narcotics simply to mask the pain. There are examples of champion motorcyclists taking local anaesthetics to hide the pain of a crash that should have seen them taken straight to hospital, and though this is not directly banned, use is carefully monitored.

Drug testing has since become an accepted feature of most major sporting events, and as soon as a new drug is detected and the user is banned from competitive sport, then a new drug is developed which evades detection. Inevitably, this makes testing for such banned substances even more stringent, and has in recent years highlighted a new and disturbing problem - the unreliability of drug tests.

Recent allegations of drug use have seen sportspeople in court attempt to overthrow decisions against them, claiming that they were unaware they had taken anything on the banned list. A test recently carried out saw three non-athletes given dietary substances that were not on the banned list, and the two who didn’t take exercise tested negative. However, the third person, who exercised regularly, tested positive. This, of course, has left the testing of sportspeople in a very difficult position. Careers can be prematurely ended by false allegations of drug abuse, yet by not punishing those who test positive, the door would be open for anyone who wanted to take drugs.

The issue is becoming increasingly clouded as different schools of opinion are making themselves heared. There are some that argue that if the substance is not directly dangerous to the user, then it should not be banned, claiming that it is just another part of training and can be compared to eating the correct diet. Ron Clarke, a supporter of limited drug use in sport, commented that some drugs should be accepted as ‘they just level the playing field’. He defended his opinion by pointing out that some competitors have a natural advantage. Athletes bom high above sea level or who work out in high altitudes actually produce more red blood cells, a condition which other athletes can only achieve by dmg taking.

Others claim that dmg use shouldn’t be allowed because it contravenes the whole idea of fairly competing in a sporting event, adding that the dmgs available to a wealthy American athlete, for example, would be far superior to those available to a struggling Nigerian competitor.

Governing bodies of the myriad of sporting worlds are trying to set some standards for competitors, but as dmg companies become more adept at disguising illegal substances, the procedure is an endless race with no winner. In the face of an overwhelming dmg and supplement market, one thing is certain - dmgs will probably be a significant factor for a long time to come.

Why are sportspeople under such pressure to succeed quickly?

A. Because their careers are relatively short.

B. Because they want to earn a lot of money

C. Because they have other concerns in their lives 

D. Because their rivals are aggressive 

1
7 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án A.

Key word: sportspeople, pressure, succeed quickly. Clue: “Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short”: Những người tham gia vào thể thao sẽ đối mặt với áp lực to lớn để thành công trong thỉ đấu, tất cả đều vì sự nghiệp của họ khá là ngắn.

Dựa và manh mối ta thấy đáp án chính xác là A. Because their careers are relatively short.

Các đáp án còn lại sai:

  B. Because they want to earn a lot of money: Bởi vì họ muốn kiếm được nhiều tiền

   C. Because they have other concerns in their lives: Bởi vì họ có những mối quan tâm khác trong cuộc sổng của họ

   D. Because their rivals are aggressive: Bởi vì các đối thủ của họ hung hăng.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.Those involved in sports face enormous pressure...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.

Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short. By the time most sportspeople are in their forties, they are already considered to be past their prime, and as a result they need to earn their money as quickly as possible. In such a high-pressure environment, success has to come quickly and increasingly often drugs are playing a prominent role.

There are a number of specific effects that sportspeople are aiming to achieve by taking performance- enhancing drugs. Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required. In addition, there are those who are looking to build their body strength and turn to the use of anabolic steroids. Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose, but for sportspeople something more direct is often required, and this has led to an increase in the use of beta-blockers specifically to steady nerves.

                  of drug use have serious side effects on sportspeople even if they are subsequently proved wrong.

A. Decisions         

B. Comments         

C. Allegations        

D. Attitudes

1
24 tháng 5 2019

Đáp án C

Key word: drug use, serious side effects.

Clue: “Careers can be prematurely ended by false allegations of drug abuse, yet by not punishing those who test positive, the door would be open for anyone who wanted to take drugs.”: Sự nghiệp có thể bị kết thúc sớm bởi những lý lẽ sai về việc lạm dụng thuốc, tuy nhiên nếu những người có kết quả dương tính không bị trừng trị, cánh cửa sẽ rộng mở đối với những ai muốn sử dụng thuốc.

Ta thấy hậu quả của việc chứng minh sai là việc kết thúc sớm sự nghiệp th thao. Đáp án chính xác là C. allegations: lời cáo buộc

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.Those involved in sports face enormous pressure...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.

Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short. By the time most sportspeople are in their forties, they are already considered to be past their prime, and as a result they need to earn their money as quickly as possible. In such a high-pressure environment, success has to come quickly and increasingly often drugs are playing a prominent role.

There are a number of specific effects that sportspeople are aiming to achieve by taking performance- enhancing drugs. Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required. In addition, there are those who are looking to build their body strength and turn to the use of anabolic steroids. Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose, but for sportspeople something more direct is often required, and this has led to an increase in the use of beta-blockers specifically to steady nerves.

Why are sportspeople under such pressure to succeed quickly?

A. Because their careers are relatively short

B. Because they want to earn a lot of money

C. Because they have other concerns in their lives

D. Because their rivals are aggressive

1
9 tháng 10 2018

Đáp án A

Key word: sportspeople, pressure, succeed quickly.

Clue: “Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short”: Những người tham gia vào thể thao sẽ đối mặt với áp lực to lớn để thành công trong thi đấu, tất cả đều vì sự nghiệp của họ khá là ngắn.

Dựa và manh mối ta thấy đáp án chính xác là A. Because their careers arc relatively short.

Các đáp án còn lại sai:

B. Because they want to earn a lot of money: Bởi vì họ muốn kiếm được nhiều tiền

C. Because they have other concerns in their lives: Bởi vì họ có những mối quan tâm khác trong cuộc sống của họ

D. Because their rivals are aggressive: Bởi vì các đối thủ của họ hung hăng

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.Those involved in sports face enormous pressure...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.

Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short. By the time most sportspeople are in their forties, they are already considered to be past their prime, and as a result they need to earn their money as quickly as possible. In such a high-pressure environment, success has to come quickly and increasingly often drugs are playing a prominent role.

There are a number of specific effects that sportspeople are aiming to achieve by taking performance- enhancing drugs. Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required. In addition, there are those who are looking to build their body strength and turn to the use of anabolic steroids. Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose, but for sportspeople something more direct is often required, and this has led to an increase in the use of beta-blockers specifically to steady nerves.

Which drugs are used for the preparation of the mass energy consumption?

A. Caffeine and cocaine

B. Alcohol, beta blockers

C. Diuretics

D. Narcotics

1
2 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án A

Key word: mass energy consumption.

Clue: “Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required”: Caffeine và cocaine thường được sử dụng như là những chất kích thích, chúng chuẩn bị cho cơ thể trước quá trình tổng tiêu thụ năng lượng.

Đáp án chính xác và phù hợp với manh mối là A. Caffeine and cocaine.

Các đáp án còn lại không được nhắc đến trong bài:

B. Alcohol, beta blockers: Rượu, thuốc ức chế beta

C. Diuretics: Thuốc lợi tiểu

D. Narcotics: Ma tuý

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.Those involved in sports face enormous pressure...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.

Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short. By the time most sportspeople are in their forties, they are already considered to be past their prime, and as a result they need to earn their money as quickly as possible. In such a high-pressure environment, success has to come quickly and increasingly often drugs are playing a prominent role.

There are a number of specific effects that sportspeople are aiming to achieve by taking performance- enhancing drugs. Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required. In addition, there are those who are looking to build their body strength and turn to the use of anabolic steroids. Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose, but for sportspeople something more direct is often required, and this has led to an increase in the use of beta-blockers specifically to steady nerves.

What does Ron Clarke claim drugs can balance?

A. drugs      

B. prize        

C. field        

D. advantage

1
19 tháng 4 2018

Đáp án D

Key word: drugs, balance.

Clue: “Ron Clarke, a supporter of limited drug use in sport, commented that some drugs should be accepted as ‘they just level the playing field’. He defended his opinion by pointing out that some competitors have a natural advantage”: Ron Clarke, một người ủng hộ việc sử dụng thuốc một cách có kiểm soát trong thể thao, nhận xét rằng một vài thuốc nên được chấp nhận bởi vì chúng giúp "cân bằng thế trận. Ông bảo vệ quan điểm của mình bằng cách chỉ ra rằng một vài vận động viên có lợi thế tự nhiên.

Điều không cân bằng theo Clue là thế trận và lợi thế giữa các vận động viên. Do đó đáp án chính xác là D. advantage

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.Those involved in sports face enormous pressure...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.

Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short. By the time most sportspeople are in their forties, they are already considered to be past their prime, and as a result they need to earn their money as quickly as possible. In such a high-pressure environment, success has to come quickly and increasingly often drugs are playing a prominent role.

There are a number of specific effects that sportspeople are aiming to achieve by taking performance- enhancing drugs. Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required. In addition, there are those who are looking to build their body strength and turn to the use of anabolic steroids. Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose, but for sportspeople something more direct is often required, and this has led to an increase in the use of beta-blockers specifically to steady nerves.

What is the phrase “this purpose” in paragraph 3 means?

A. confidence

B. sports people

C. relaxant

D. stress increase

1
15 tháng 7 2017

Đáp án C

Key word: this purpose, paragraph 3.

Clue: Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose: làm việc cật lựcmong muốn được giải thoát khỏi áp lực, nhiều vận động viên có thể lạm dụng những loại thuốc khác có tác dụng là chất làm giảm sự căng thẳng của cơ bắp mà giúp họ giải quyết căng thẳng và làm tăng tự tin. Chất có cồn được sử dụng rộng rãi cho mục đích này.

Ta thấy cụm từ “this purpose” ám chỉ tác dụng làm giảm sự căng thẳng của cơ bắp và làm tăng tự tin, đó là những công dụng của “relaxant” và đáp án chính xác là C. relaxant

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.Those involved in sports face enormous pressure...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.

Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short. By the time most sportspeople are in their forties, they are already considered to be past their prime, and as a result they need to earn their money as quickly as possible. In such a high-pressure environment, success has to come quickly and increasingly often drugs are playing a prominent role.

There are a number of specific effects that sportspeople are aiming to achieve by taking performance- enhancing drugs. Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required. In addition, there are those who are looking to build their body strength and turn to the use of anabolic steroids. Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose, but for sportspeople something more direct is often required, and this has led to an increase in the use of beta-blockers specifically to steady nerves.

The word “contravenes” is closest in meaning to              .

A. go against         

B. take over 

C. put off     

D. stand for

1
3 tháng 6 2019

Đáp án A

Key word: contravene, closest in meaning

Clue: Others claim that drug use shouldn’t be allowed because it contravenes the whole idea of fairly competing in a sporting event: Những người khác nói rằng thuốc không nên được cho phép bởi vì nó ... với toàn bộ quan điểm về việc thi đấu công bằng trong một sự kiện thể thao.

Trong văn cảnh này ta có thể suy luận rằng việc sử dụng thuốc phải bất đồng hay trái với quan đim công bằng thi đấu thì họ mới không đồng ý việc s dụng chúng. Đáp án chính xác là A. go against

Các đáp án còn lại:

B. take over: chiếm, tước quyền

C. put off: làm phát ngấy/ chán. Ex: This song is putting me off

D. stand for: ủng hộ, viết tắt của

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.Those involved in sports face enormous pressure...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.

Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short. By the time most sportspeople are in their forties, they are already considered to be past their prime, and as a result they need to earn their money as quickly as possible. In such a high-pressure environment, success has to come quickly and increasingly often drugs are playing a prominent role.

There are a number of specific effects that sportspeople are aiming to achieve by taking performance- enhancing drugs. Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required. In addition, there are those who are looking to build their body strength and turn to the use of anabolic steroids. Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose, but for sportspeople something more direct is often required, and this has led to an increase in the use of beta-blockers specifically to steady nerves.

these statements are TRUE except for                  .

A. Making the wrong judgment on potent drug abuse can destroy one's career

B. By tolerating violating cases, there will be fewer people taking on drugs

C. Some people argue that these drugs are not actually detrimental to users’ health and therefore they should not be banned

D. One third of the people participating in the test with dietary substances received positive results

1
17 tháng 3 2019

Đáp án B

Key word: drug abuse, fewer, detrimental, dietary substances.

Clue:

1. Careers can be prematurely ended by false allegations of drug abuse, yet by not punishing those who test positive, the door would be open for anyone who wanted to take drugs: Sự nghiệp có thế bị kết thúc sớm bởi những lý lẽ sai về việc lạm dụng thuốc, tuy nhiên nếu những người có kết quả dương tính không bị trừng trị, cánh cửa sẽ rộng mở đối với những ai muốn sử dụng thuốc.

2. There are some that argue that if the substance is not directly dangerous to the user, then it should not be banned: Có một vài người tranh luận rằng nếu như những chất này không trực tiếp gây hại cho người dùng, chúng không nên bị cấm.

3. A test recently carried out saw three non-athletes given dietary substances that were not on the banned list, and the two who didn’t take exercise tested negative: Một thí nghiệm được tiến hành gần đây đã quan sát ba người không phải vận động viên được cho sử dụng chất ăn kiêng không nằm trong danh sách chất bị cấm,hai người không tập thể dục nhận kết quả âm tính.

Phân tích đáp án:

A. Making wrong judgments on drug abuse can destroy ones career: quyết định sai về việc lạm dụng thuốc có thể hủy hoại sự nghiệp của một người - Sai vì nội dung câu này giống với clue 1.

B. By tolerating violating cases, there will be fewer people taking on drugs: bằng cách tha thứ cho các trường hợp vi phạm, số lượng người dùng thuốc sẽ ít hơn. - Đúng vì nội dung câu này sai. Trong clue 1, nếu không trừng trị thích đáng thì tương lai sẽ có nhiều người tiếp tục và bắt đầu sử dụng thuc.

C. Some people argue that these drugs are not actually detrimental to users’ health and therefore they should not be banned: Một vài người lý luận rằng những thuốc này không thực sự nguy hiểm đối với sức khỏe người dùng, do đó chúng không nên bị cấm - Sai vì nội dung hoàn toàn giống với Clue 2.

D. One third of the people participating in the test with dietary substances received positive results: một phần ba số người tham gia vào bài kiểm tra với các chất ăn kiêng tiếp nhận kết quả dương tính - Sai vì nội dung câu này đúng và có thể suy luận ra từ clue 3 (2/3 nhận kết quả âm tính nên 1/3 sẽ nhận kết quả dương tính)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.Those involved in sports face enormous pressure...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.

Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short. By the time most sportspeople are in their forties, they are already considered to be past their prime, and as a result they need to earn their money as quickly as possible. In such a high-pressure environment, success has to come quickly and increasingly often drugs are playing a prominent role.

There are a number of specific effects that sportspeople are aiming to achieve by taking performance- enhancing drugs. Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required. In addition, there are those who are looking to build their body strength and turn to the use of anabolic steroids. Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose, but for sportspeople something more direct is often required, and this has led to an increase in the use of beta-blockers specifically to steady nerves.

The text is mainly about                .

A. a running controversy

B. allegations of drug use

C. different usages of drug

D. how to avoid detection

1
23 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án A

Toàn bộ bài văn là những quan điểm ng hộ cũng như bất đồng với quan điểm sử dụng thuốc trong thể thao. Đáp án chính xác là A. running controversy

Các đáp án khác không đúng:

B. allegations of drug use: các cáo buộc sử dụng ma túy.

C. different usages of drug: cách sử dụng thuốc khác nhau.

D. how to avoid detection: làm thế nào để tránh bị phát hiện.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport. Those involved in sports face enormous...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1988, Canadian athlete Ben Johnson set a new world record for the 100 metres sprint and set the Seoul Olympics alight. Just a few days later, he was stripped of his medal and banned from competing after having failed a drug test, highlighting what has since become an international problem - drug use in sport.

Those involved in sports face enormous pressure to excel in competition, all the more so as their careers are relatively short. By the time most sportspeople are in their forties, they are already considered to be past their prime, and as a result they need to earn their money as quickly as possible. In such a high-pressure environment, success has to come quickly and increasingly often drugs are playing a prominent role.

There are a number of specific effects that sportspeople are aiming to achieve by taking performance­enhancing drugs. Caffeine and cocaine are commonly used as stimulants, getting the body ready for the mass expenditure of energy required. In addition, there are those who are looking to build their body strength and turn to the use of anabolic steroids. Having worked so hard and needing to unwind, sportspeople may misuse other drugs as a relaxant in that it can help them cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Alcohol is commonly used for this purpose, but for sportspeople something more direct is often required, and this has led to an increase in the use of beta-blockers specifically to steady nerves.

Increasingly accurate drug testing is leading companies and suppliers to ever-more creative ways of avoiding detection, and there are a range of banned substances that are still taken by sportspeople in order to disguise the use of other, more potent drugs. Diuretics is a good example of this: in addition to allowing the body to lose excess weight, they are used to hide other substances.

Drugs or not, the working life of the average sportsperson is hard and often painful. Either through training or on the field, injuries are common and can lead to the use of narcotics simply to mask the pain. There are examples of champion motorcyclists taking local anaesthetics to hide the pain of a crash that should have seen them taken straight to hospital, and though this is not directly banned, use is carefully monitored.

Drug testing has since become an accepted feature of most major sporting events, and as soon as a new drug is detected and the user is banned from competitive sport, then a new drug is developed which evades detection. Inevitably, this makes testing for such banned substances even more stringent, and has in recent years highlighted a new and disturbing problem - the unreliability of drug tests.

Recent allegations of drug use have seen sportspeople in court attempt to overthrow decisions against them, claiming that they were unaware they had taken anything on the banned list. A test recently carried out saw three non-athletes given dietary substances that were not on the banned list, and the two who didn’t take exercise tested negative. However, the third person, who exercised regularly, tested positive. This, of course, has left the testing of sportspeople in a very difficult position. Careers can be prematurely ended by false allegations of drug abuse, yet by not punishing those who test positive, the door would be open for anyone who wanted to take drugs.

The issue is becoming increasingly clouded as different schools of opinion are making themselves heared. There are some that argue that if the substance is not directly dangerous to the user, then it should not be banned, claiming that it is just another part of training and can be compared to eating the correct diet. Ron Clarke, a supporter of limited drug use in sport, commented that some drugs should be accepted as ‘they just level the playing field’. He defended his opinion by pointing out that some competitors have a natural advantage. Athletes bom high above sea level or who work out in high altitudes actually produce more red blood cells, a condition which other athletes can only achieve by dmg taking.

Others claim that dmg use shouldn’t be allowed because it contravenes the whole idea of fairly competing in a sporting event, adding that the dmgs available to a wealthy American athlete, for example, would be far superior to those available to a struggling Nigerian competitor.

Governing bodies of the myriad of sporting worlds are trying to set some standards for competitors, but as dmg companies become more adept at disguising illegal substances, the procedure is an endless race with no winner. In the face of an overwhelming dmg and supplement market, one thing is certain - dmgs will probably be a significant factor for a long time to come.

       of drug use have serious side effects on sportspeople even if they are subsequently proved wrong.

A. Decisions

B. Comments

C. Allegations

D. Attitudes

1
15 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án C.

Key word: drug use, serious side effects.

Clue: “Careers can be prematurely ended by false allegations of drug abuse, yet by not punishing those who test positive, the door would be open for anyone who wanted to take drugs.”: Sự nghiệp có thể bị kết thúc sớm bởi những lý lẽ sai về việc lạm dụng thuốc, tuy nhiên nếu những người có kết quả dương tnh không bị trừng trị, cánh cửa sẽ rộng mở đối với những ai muốn sử dụng thuốc.

Ta thấy hậu quả của việc chứng minh sai là việc kết thúc sớm sự nghiệp thể thao. Đáp án chính xác là
C
. allegations: lời cáo buộc