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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.

The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.

One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is

still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."

 

Which of the following has the same meaning as "vista" in the fourth paragraph?'

A. support

B. prospect

C. history

D. visit

1
23 tháng 12 2019

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa. Trong số các từ sau, đâu là từ đồng nghĩa với “vista” ở đoạn 4?

A. ủng hộ                                                           

B. khía cạnh, phương diện

C. lịch sử                                                            

D. viếng thăm

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetics. Patients do riot often believe they really need surgery- cutting into a part of the body as opposed to...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetics. Patients do riot often believe they really need surgery- cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

          In the early year of the 20th century, there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Cloyed blood vessels can be clean out, and broken ones mended and replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation. 

          The scope of surgery has increase remarkable in the past decades. Its safety has increased, too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example, to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and at the other end of the scale, to life-saving operation for the octogenarian .The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

          One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twins, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

          “Spare parts” surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if the doctors say to you: “Yes, l think it is possible to operate on you for this condition”.

Surgeons in the early 20th century compared with modern ones ______.

A. had less to learn about surgery.

B. needed more knowledge.

C. were more trusted by their patients.

D. could perform every operation known today.

1
28 tháng 12 2017

Đáp án A

Bác sĩ phẫu thuật trong đầu thế kỉ 20 khi so với hiện nay______.

A. có ít thứ để học hơn về phẫu thuật.

B. cần thêm kiến thức.

C. được nhiều bệnh nhân của họ tin tưởng hơn.

D. có thể thực hiện được mọi ca phẫu thuật được biết tới trong ngày nay.

Dẫn chứng ở câu đầu đoạn 2: “In the early year of the 20th century, there was little specialization in surgery”- (Vào những năm đầu của thế kỉ 20, có rất ít chuyên ngành về phẫu thuật).

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.In the...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.

The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.

One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is

still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."

 

A patient can still live a comfortable life even after the removal of _________.

A. his brain

B. his lungs

C.a major organ such as the stomach or one lung

D. part of the stomach or the whole liver

1
1 tháng 4 2019

Đáp án C

Dịch nghĩa. Một bệnh nhân vẫn có thể sống thoải mái thậm chí sau khi đã cắt bỏ _____.

A. bộ não

B. các lá phổi

C. một nội tạng chính chẳng hạn như dạ dày hay một lá phổi

D. một phần dạ dày hoặc toàn bộ lá gan

Giải thích. Thông tin ở cuối đoạn 2 “A lung, the Whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.In the...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.

The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.

One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is

still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."

 

Surgeons in the early 20th century, compared with modem ones _______.

A. had less to learn about surgery

B. needed more knowledge

C. could perform every operation known today

D. were more trusted by their patients

1
1 tháng 12 2017

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa. Những bác sĩ phẫu thuật ở đầu thế kỉ 20, so sánh với các bác sĩ thời nay thì ________.

A. không có nhiều thứ để học về phẫu thuật

B. cần nhiều kiến thức hơn

C. có thể tiến hành mọi ca phẫu thuật biết đến ở hiện tại

D. được các bệnh nhân tin tưởng hơn

Giải thích. Thông tin ở đầu đoạn 2 “In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetics. Patients do riot often believe they really need surgery- cutting into a part of the body as opposed to...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetics. Patients do riot often believe they really need surgery- cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

          In the early year of the 20th century, there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Cloyed blood vessels can be clean out, and broken ones mended and replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation. 

          The scope of surgery has increase remarkable in the past decades. Its safety has increased, too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example, to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and at the other end of the scale, to life-saving operation for the octogenarian .The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

          One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twins, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

          “Spare parts” surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if the doctors say to you: “Yes, l think it is possible to operate on you for this condition”.

The word “clogged” is most likely to correspond to______.

A. clean

B. blocked

C. covered

D. unwashed

1
29 tháng 12 2019

Đáp án B

Câu hỏi từ vựng.

Clogged: bị tắc, bị kẹt = B. blocked: bị gây cản trở.

Các đáp án còn lại:

A. clean (adj): sạch sẽ.

C. covered: bị bao phủ.

D. unwashed: không được gội rửa.

Tạm dịch: “Cloyed blood vessels can be clean out, and broken ones mended and replaced”- (Các mạch máu bị tắc nghẽn có thể được loại bỏ, và những mạch máu bị vỡ có thể được sửa chữa và thay thế).

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetics. Patients do riot often believe they really need surgery- cutting into a part of the body as opposed to...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetics. Patients do riot often believe they really need surgery- cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

          In the early year of the 20th century, there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Cloyed blood vessels can be clean out, and broken ones mended and replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation. 

          The scope of surgery has increase remarkable in the past decades. Its safety has increased, too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example, to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and at the other end of the scale, to life-saving operation for the octogenarian .The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

          One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twins, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

          “Spare parts” surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if the doctors say to you: “Yes, l think it is possible to operate on you for this condition”.

You can be happy if your surgeon can operate because it means______.

A. he thinks your condition may be curable

B. he is a good doctor.

C. he knows you will survive

D. you are getting better already

1
21 tháng 5 2017

Đáp án A

Bạn có thể hạnh phục nếu bác sĩ phẫu thuật của mình có thể tiến hành phẫu thuật bởi vì điều đó cõ nghĩa là ______.

A. ông ấy nghĩ rằng tình trạng bệnh của bạn có thể cứu chữa được.

B. ông ấy là 1 bác sĩ tốt.

C. ông ấy biết rằng bạn sẽ sống sót.

D. bạn đang trở nên khỏe lên.

Dẫn chứng ở đoạn cuối cùng: ““Spare parts” surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if the doctors say to you: “Yes, l think it is possible to operate on you for this condition” – (Phẫu thuật “phụ tùng”, sự thay thế đơn thuần các cơ quan bị suy giảm chức năng bằng một cơ quan mới, vẫn là một giấc mơ của tương lai nhưng phẫu thuật thì đã sẵn sàng cho những phép màu như vậy. Trong thời gian chờ đợi, bạn có thể hạnh phúc nếu bác sĩ nói rằng: “Vâng, tôi nghĩ là có thể phẫu thuật bạn cho tình trạng này”).

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.In the...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.

The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.

One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is

still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."

 

You can be happy if your surgeon can operate because it means ________.

A. he thinks your condition may be incurable

B. he is a good doctor

C. he thinks you will survive

D. you are getting better already

1
16 tháng 7 2018

Đáp án c

Dịch nghĩa. Bạn có thể rất hạnh phúc nếu bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn có thể tiến hành bởi vì nó có nghĩa là ____________.

A. ông nghĩ rằng tình huống của bạn không thể chữa khỏi

B. ông ấy là một bác sĩ giỏi

C. ông nghĩ bạn sẽ sống sót

D. bạn đã hồi phục dần

Bài dịch

PHẪU THUẬT HIỆN ĐẠI

Việc cần thiết phải tiến hành phẫu thuật, đặc biệt là phẫu thuật khẩn cấp, luôn luôn là một cú sốc đối với cả bệnh nhân và gia đình của họ. Mặc dù có những tiến bộ hiện đại, hầu hết mọi người đều sợ bệnh viện và thuốc gây mê một cách vô lý. Bệnh nhân thường không tin rằng họ thực sự cần đến phẫu thuật - phải cắt bỏ một phần cơ thể so với điều trị bằng thuốc.

Những năm đầu của thế kỷ 20 có rất ít chuyên môn trong ngành phẫu thuật. Một bác sĩ phẫu

thuật tốt có thể thực hiện hầu hết các ca được biết đến thời kỳ đó. Ngày nay tình hình đã khác. Những gì mà ngày nay đang tiến hành, không thể có trong giấc mơ của 50 năm về trước. Tim có thể được phẫu thuật một cách an toàn và van có thể được sửa chữa. Mạch máu tắc có thể được thông, và những mạch vỡ có thế được chữa lành hoặc thay thế. Một lá phổi, toàn bộ dạ dày, ngay cả một phần của não cũng có thể cắt bỏ mà người bệnh vẫn sống thoải mái và bình thường. Tuy nhiên, không phải tất cả các bác sĩ phẫu thuật đều muốn làm hay có đủ năng lực để làm những ca hiện đại này.

Phạm Vi phẫu thuật đã tăng lên đáng kể trong những thập kỷ qua. Độ an toàn cũng tăng cao. Tử vong do phẫu thuật chỉ còn khoảng 20% so với năm 1910 và phẫu thuật đã được mở rộng theo nhiều hướng, ví dụ như một số loại dị tật bẩm sinh ở trẻ mới sinh ra, hoặc thậm chí các hoạt động kéo dài sự sống cho người già tám mươi tuổi. Thời gian lưu lại bệnh viện sau khi phẫu thuật đã được rút ngắn xuống còn một tuần cho hầu hết các ca. Đa số bệnh nhân có thể xuống giường chỉ một ngày sau ca mổ và có thể trở lại làm việc trong hai hoặc ba tuần.

Nhiều tiến bộ trong phẫu thuật hiện đại dường như khó mà tin được. Chẳng hạn như thay thế các mạch máu bị hư hỏng bằng những mô hình nhựa: van tim có thay thế bằng nhựa; cấy mô như ống kính của mắt; phát minh thận nhân tạo để làm sạch máu khỏi chất độc đều đặn và sự phát triển của máy tim và phổi để duy trì sự sống cho bệnh nhân trong thời gian dài. Tất cả những điều này mở ra một triển vọng mới cho tương lai của phẫu thuật.

Một trong những khu vực mang tính cách mạng nhất của phẫu thuật hiện đại là cấy ghép nội

tạng. Chỉ một vài thập kỷ trước đây, không có một ai, ngoại trừ một cặp sinh đôi giống hệt nhau, mới có thể cấy ghép mô vào cơ thể của người khác mà không bị phản ứng đào thải và dần dần thậm

chí các mô sẽ chết. Tuy nhiên, gần đây, người ta phát hiện ra rằng với việc sử dụng X-quang và các

loại thuốc đặc biệt, sẽ có thế ghép mô từ người này sang người khác và tồn tại trong thời gian một năm hoặc nhiều hơn. Thận đã được cấy ghép thành công giữa anh em sinh đôi không giống nhau. Tim và phổi cấy ghép cũng khá thành công.

Phẫu thuật “linh kiện”, sự thay thế các bộ phận cơ thể có chức năng đơn giản đã không thể hoạt động, bằng những bộ phận thay thế mới, vẫn là một ước mơ cho tương lai, tuy nhiên ngành phẫu thuật đã sẵn sàng cho những phép màu như vậy. Và rồi, bạn sẽ hạnh phúc biết bao khi các bác sỹ nói với bạn rằng, “Vâng, trong trưòng hợp này, tôi nghĩ nó có thể hoạt động tốt trên cơ thể bạn”.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.In the...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.

The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.

One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is

still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."

 

The word "clogged" in the second paragraph is most likely to correspond to __________.

A. clean

B. blocked

C. covered

D. unwashed

1
30 tháng 11 2017

Đáp án B

Dịch nghĩa. Từ “clogged” - tắc, ở đoạn 2 gần nghĩa với ___________.

A. sạch                         

B. tắc                           

C. bị che phủ                

D. chưa rửa

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetics. Patients do riot often believe they really need surgery- cutting into a part of the body as opposed to...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetics. Patients do riot often believe they really need surgery- cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

          In the early year of the 20th century, there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Cloyed blood vessels can be clean out, and broken ones mended and replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation. 

          The scope of surgery has increase remarkable in the past decades. Its safety has increased, too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example, to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and at the other end of the scale, to life-saving operation for the octogenarian .The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

          One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twins, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

          “Spare parts” surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if the doctors say to you: “Yes, l think it is possible to operate on you for this condition”.

Most people are afraid of being operated on______.

A. in spite of improvements in modem surgery

B. because they think modern drugs are dangerous

C. because they do not believe they need anesthetics

D. unless it is an emergency operation

1
19 tháng 2 2018

Đáp án A

Nhiều người sợ phẫu thuật______.

A. mặc dù có những tiến bộ trong phẫu thuật hiện đại.

B. bởi vì họ nghĩ rằng thuốc hiện đại gây nguy hiểm.

C. bởi vì họ không tin rằng họ cần gây tê.

D. trừ khi đó là phẫu thuật khẩn cấp.

Dẫn chứng ở 2 câu đầu tiên: “The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetics”- (Cần thiết phải phẫu thuật, đặc biệt là phẫu thuật cấp cứu, hầu như luôn là cú sốc lớn đối với bệnh nhân và gia đình họ. Mặc dù có sự tiến bộ hiện đại, nhiều người vẫn còn một nỗi sợ vô lí đối với bệnh viện và việc gây tê).

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.In the...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.

The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.

One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.

"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is

still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."

 

Most people are afraid of being operated on __________.

A. in spite of improvements in modem surgery

B. because they think modem drugs are dangerous

C. because they do not believe they need anaesthetics

D. unless it is an emergency operation

1
16 tháng 10 2018

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa. Hầu hết mọi người đều sợ phải phẫu thuật ___________.

A. mặc dù có những tiến bộ trong phẫu thuật hiện đại

B. vì họ nghĩ thuốc hiện đại nguy hiểm

C. vì họ không tin họ cần thuốc gây mê

D. trừ khi đó là một ca phẫu thuật khẩn cấp

Giải thích. Thông tin ở đoạn 1 “Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics”