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Câu 1:
(x-18)-42=(23-43)-(70+x)
x-18-42=-20-70-x
x-18-42+20+70+x=0
2x+30=0
2x=-30
x=-15
Câu 2 : Tính tổng
a,1+(-2)+3+(-4)+...+19+(-20)
Từ 1 đến -20 có 20 số hạng
=> Có 10 nhóm
=>(1-2)+(3-4)+...+(19-20)
=-1-1-1-....-1
=-1.10
=-10
b,c,d,e làm tương tự ta được :
b) -50
c) -24
d) -99
e) -100
Câu 3 : Tìm x
a)\(x\left(x+7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x+7=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-7\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy : x={0;-7}
b)\(\left(x+12\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+12=0\\x-3=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-12\\x=3\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy:....
c)\(\left(-x+5\right)\left(3-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}-x+5=0\\3-x=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=5\\x=3\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy:......
d)\(x\left(2+x\right)\left(7-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\2+x=0\\7-x=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-2\\x=7\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy:.....
e) \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(-x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\x+2=0\\-x-3=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=-2\\x=-3\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy:........
Câu 4 :
a) ab+ac
=a(b+c)
b) ab-ac+ad
=a(b-c+d)
c) ax-bx-cx+dx
=x(a-b-c+d)
d) a(b+c)-d(b+c)
=(b+c)(a-d)
e) ac-ad+bc-bd
=a(c-d)+b(c-d)
=(c-d)(a+b)
f) ax+by+bx+ay
=x(a+b)+y(a+b)
=(a+b)(x+y)
#H
Áp dụng bđt bu nhi a, ta có \(M^2\le3\left(\frac{a}{b+c+2a}+...\right)\)
mà \(\frac{a}{b+c+2a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
tương tự, ta có \(M^2\le\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{c+b}\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
=>\(M\le\frac{3}{2}\)
dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=c
đổi ẩn
\(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x+y+z=3\)
\(P=\Sigma\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy+x+y}}\ge\Sigma\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{xy+x+y+3}\ge\frac{18\sqrt{3}}{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+2\left(x+y+z\right)+9}=\sqrt{3}\)
dấuu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(< =>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(< =>a^2-2ab+b^2+a^2-2ca+c^2+b^2-2bc+c^2=0\)
\(< =>\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) dấu"=" xảy ra<=>a=b=c
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
Suy ra: a=b=c
\(\text{Σ}\frac{a}{b+2c+3d}=\text{Σ}\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{6\left(ab+bc+cd+ad\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+2\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}{6\left(ab+bc+cd+ad\right)}=\frac{a^2+c^2+b^2+d^2+2ab+2cd+2\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}{6\left(ab+bc+cd+ad\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad\right)}{6\left(ab+bc+cd+ad\right)}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=d
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b+2c+3d}+\frac{b}{c+2d+3a}+\frac{c}{d+2a+3b}+\frac{d}{a+2b+3c}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}+\frac{b^2}{bc+2bd+3ab}+\frac{c^2}{cd+2ac+3bc}+\frac{d^2}{ad+2bd+3cd}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4.\left(ab+ad+bc+bd+ca+cd\right)}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\frac{3}{2}.\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)
