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Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:
a) Ta có:
\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)
\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)
\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(M=2\cdot\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+2,5\right]\)
\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)
Mà: \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên:
\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(2\left(x+1\right)^2+5=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy: \(M_{min}=5\) khi \(x=-1\)
b) Ta có:
\(N=x^2-x+1\)
\(N=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Mà: \(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên \(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=" xảy ra:
\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức
a) Ta có:
\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)
\(E=-\left(4x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(E=-\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2\cdot2x\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)
\(E=-\left[\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)
Mà: \(\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\ge\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\) nên
\(\Rightarrow E=-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{1}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)
Vậy: \(E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)
b) Ta có:
\(F=5x-3x^2+6\)
\(F=-3x^2+5x-6\)
\(F=-\left(3x^2-5x-6\right)\)
\(F=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x-2\right)\)
\(F=-3\left[\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2-\dfrac{97}{36}\right]\)
\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\)
Mà: \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2\le0\forall x\) nên:
\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\le\dfrac{97}{36}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}=\dfrac{97}{36}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
Vậy: \(F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{36}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
Giá trị nhỏ nhất:
\(A=x^2+4x+3=x^2+2.x.2+2^2-1=\left(x+2\right)^2-1\)
Vì \(\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\)
nên \(\left(x+2\right)^2-1\ge-1\)
Vậy \(Min_A=-1\)khi \(x+2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
\(B=3x^2-5x+2=3\left(x^2-\frac{5}{3}x+\frac{2}{3}\right)=3\left[x^2-2.x.\frac{5}{6}+\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-\frac{1}{36}\right]=3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-\frac{1}{12}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2\ge0\)
nên \(3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2\ge0\)
do đó \(3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-\frac{1}{12}\ge-\frac{1}{12}\)
Vậy \(Min_B=-\frac{1}{12}\)khi \(x-\frac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{6}\)
Giá trị lớn nhất:
\(C=2x-x^2=-\left(x^2-2x\right)=-\left(x^2-2.x+1-1\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^2+1\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)
nên \(-\left(x-1\right)^2\le0\)
do đó \(-\left(x-1\right)^2+1\le1\)
Vậy \(Max_C=1\)khi \(x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(D=x-x^2+1=-\left(x^2-x+1\right)=-\left[x^2-2.x\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
nên \(-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\)
do đó \(-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{3}{4}\le-\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(Max_D=-\frac{3}{4}\)khi \(x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1:
\(A=x^2+6x+9+x^2-10x+25\)
\(=2x^2+4x+34\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2x+17\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+1\right)^2+32>=32\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-1
\(x^2+5x+7=\left(x^2+2.\frac{5}{2}x+\frac{25}{4}\right)+\frac{3}{4}=\left(x+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta thấy: \(\left(x+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2\ge0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(x^2+5x+7\)bằng \(\frac{3}{4}\)khi x=\(\frac{-5}{2}\)
1, \(3x^2-5x+4\)
\(=3\left(x^2-\frac{5}{3}x\right)+1=3\left(x^2-2.\frac{5}{6}x+\frac{25}{36}\right)+\frac{23}{12}=3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2+\frac{23}{12}\)
Ta có: \(3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2+\frac{23}{12}\ge\frac{23}{12}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-\frac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{6}\)
Vậy minA = \(\frac{23}{12}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{6}\)
2, Bạn thử kiểm tra lại đề bài xem
3B = 9x^2 + 15x - 18
= (3x+ 5/2)^2 - 976/4
> hoặc = -97/4
<=> B > hoặc = -97/12
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> 3x+5/2 = 0
<=> x = -5/6
Vậy GTNN của B là B = -97/12 <=> x = -5/6
Ta có: A = x2 - 5x + 1 = (x2 - 5x + 25/4) - 21/4 = (x - 5/2)2 - 21/4
Ta luôn có: (x - 5/2)2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> (x - 5/2)2 - 21/4 \(\ge\)-21/4 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x -5/2 = 0 <=> x = 5/2
Vậy Min A = -21/4 tại x = 5/2
Ta có: B = -x + 3x + 1 = -(x - 3x + 9/4) + 13/4 = -(x - 3/2)2 + 13/4
Ta luôn có: -(x - 3/2)2 \(\le\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> -(x - 3/2)2 + 13/4 \(\le\)13/4 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 3/2 = 0 <=> x = 3/2
Vậy Max B = 13/4 tại x = 3/2
(xem lại đề)