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\(n_{MgCl_2}\)=\(0,1.2=0,2(mol)\)
\(n_{Ba(OH)_2}\)=\(0,15.1,5=0,225(mol) \)
\({MgCl_2}+{Ba(OH)_2}-->{Mg(OH)_2}+{BaCl_2}\)
Dung dịch A chứa 0,225-0,2=0,025 mol \({Ba(OH)_2}\) dư; 0,2 mol \({BaCl_2}\)
Kết tủa B là 0,2 mol \({Mg(OH)_2}\)
\({Mg(OH)_2}-->MgO+{H_2O}\)
⇒\(n_{MgO}\)=\(n_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,2 mol\)
⇒\(m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8(g)\)
Coi thể tích dung dịch không đổi sau khi trộn
\(V_{dd}=100+150=250ml=0,25l\)
⇒\(C_M{Ba(OH)_2}\)=\(\dfrac{0,025}{0,25}=0,1M\)
\(C_M{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,25}=0,8M\)
mdd(sau phản ứng)=250.1,12=280(g)
C%\({Ba(OH)_2}=\dfrac{0,025.171}{280}.100=1,5%\)%
C%\({BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.208}{280}.100=14,85%\)%
2.
a)
+nFe2(SO4)3 = 0.1*2 = 0.2 (mol)
+nBa(OH)2 = 0.15*1.5 = 0.225 (mol)
3Ba(OH)2 + Fe2(SO4)3 => 2Fe(OH)3↓ + 3BaSO4↓(1)
0.225...................0.2.................
2Fe(OH)3(t*) => Fe2O3 + 3H2O(2)
0.15.........................0.075...........
_Dựa vào phương trình (1) ta thấy Fe2(SO4)3 còn dư 0.125 mol => dd(B) : Fe2(SO4)3
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3BaCl2 => 3BaSO4↓ + 2FeCl3
0.125..................0.375............0.375
b)
_Chất rắn (D) : Fe2O3 và BaSO4 không bị phân hủy.
=>m(D) = mFe2O3 + mBaSO4 = 0.075*160 + 0.375*233 = 99.375(g)
_Chất rắn (E) : BaSO4
=>m(E) = mBaSO4 = 0.375*233 = 87.375(g)
c)
_Dung dịch (B) : Fe2(SO4)3
=>Vdd(sau) = 150 + 100 = 250 (ml) = 0.25 (lit)
=>nFe2(SO4)3 (dư) = 0.125 (mol)
=>CM(Fe2(SO4)3) = 0.125 / 0.25 = 0.5 (M)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right);n_{KOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{n_{KOH}}{n_{SO_2}}=\dfrac{0,3}{\dfrac{3}{14}}=1,4\)
=> Thu được 2 muối sau phản ứng
\(SO_2+KOH\rightarrow KHSO_3\)
\(SO_2+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_3+H_2O\)
Gọi x,y là số mol KHSO3, K2SO3
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\dfrac{3}{14}\\x+2y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{9}{70};y=\dfrac{3}{35}\)
=> \(m_{KHSO_3}=\dfrac{108}{7}\left(g\right);m_{K_2SO_3}=\dfrac{474}{35}\left(g\right)\)
b) \(V=\dfrac{84}{1,15}=\dfrac{1680}{23}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{42}{575}\left(l\right)\)
=> \(CM_{KHSO_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{9}{70}}{\dfrac{42}{575}}=1,76M\)
\(CM_{K_2SO_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{35}}{\dfrac{42}{575}}=1,17M\)
nFe2(SO4)3=0,15(mol);
nBa(OH)2=0,3(mol)
Fe2(SO4)3+3Ba(OH)2--->3BaSO4+ 2Fe(OH)3
Xét 0,15/1>0,3/3 => Fe2(SO4)3dư , tính theo Ba(OH)2
theo pt nBa(OH)2=nBaSO4=0,3(mol)
nFe(OH)3=2/3nBa(OH)2=0,2
=> mkết tủa = 0,3.233+0,2.107=91,3(g)
b, dung dịch là Fe2(SO4)3
nFe2(SO4)3(pứ)=1/3nBa(OH)2=0,1(mol)
=> nFe2(SO4)3 dư = 0,15-0,1=0,05(mol)
Vdd=100+150=250(ml)=0,25(l)
=> CMFe2(SO4)3 = 0,2(M)
a)
\(n_{CuCl_2}=0,1.1,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuCl2 + Ca(OH)2 --> Cu(OH)2 + CaCl2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => CuCl2 hết, Ca(OH)2 dư
PTHH: CuCl2 + Ca(OH)2 --> Cu(OH)2\(\downarrow\) + CaCl2
_____0,15---->0,15-------->0,15---------->0,15
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(Ca\left(OH\right)_2dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,3-0,15}{0,1+0,3}=0,375M\\C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,1+0,3}=0,375M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Khối lượng giảm = khối lượng H2O sinh ra
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{0,9}{18}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu(OH)2 --to--> CuO + H2O
_____0,05<-----------0,05<----0,05
=> mCu(OH)2 = (0,15-0,05).98 = 9,8 (g)
=> mCuO = 0,05.80 = 4(g)
c) \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{SO_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,15.80}{100}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + SO2 --> CaSO3\(\downarrow\) + H2O
_____________0,12------>0,12
=> mCaSO3 = 0,12.120 = 14,4(g)
Bài 1:
a) CuSO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2↓
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{NaOH}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{3}< \dfrac{1}{2}\) ⇒ NaOH dư
b) Theo PT: \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=m_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
c) \(\Sigma V_{dd}saupư=40+60=100\left(ml\right)=0,1\left(l\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}pư=2n_{CuSO_4}=2\times0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}dư=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}dư=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
Bài 2:
ZnCl2 + 2NaOH → 2NaCl + Zn(OH)2↓ (1)
\(n_{ZnCl_2}=0,3\times1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,1\times1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{9}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{9}{2}>\dfrac{1}{2}\) ⇒ ZnCl2 dư
a) \(\Sigma V_{dd}saupư=300+100=400\left(ml\right)=0,4\left(l\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{ZnCl_2}pư=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}dư=0,45-0,05=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ZnCl_2}}dư=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\left(M\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
b) Zn(OH)2 \(\underrightarrow{to}\) ZnO + H2O (2)
Theo pT1: \(n_{Zn\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pT2: \(n_{ZnO}=n_{Zn\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnO}=0,05\times81=4,05\left(g\right)\)
c) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O (3)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,1\times36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{25\%}=14,6\left(g\right)\)
