Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Hal Varian, chief economist at Google, has a simple way to predict the future. The future is simply what rich people have today. The rich have chauffeurs. In the future, we will have driverless cars that chauffeur us all around. The rich have private bankers. In the future, we will all have robo-bankers.
One thing that we imagine that the rich have today are lives of leisure. So will our future be one in which we too have lives of leisure, and the machines are taking the sweat? We will be able to spend our time on more important things than simply feeding and housing ourselves?
Let’s turn to another chief economist. Andy Haldane is chief economist at the Bank of England. In November 2015, he predicted that 15 million jobs in the UK, roughly half of all jobs, were under threat from automation. You’d hope he knew what he was talking about.
AdvertisementAnd he’s not the only one making dire predictions. Politicians. Bankers. Industrialists. They’re all saying a similar thing.
“We need urgently to face the challenge of automation, robotics that could make so much of contemporary work redundant”, Jeremy Corbyn at the Labour Party Conference in September 2017.
“World Bank data has predicted that the proportion of jobs threatened by automation in India is 69 percent, 77 percent in China and as high as 85 percent in Ethiopia”, according to World Bank president Jim Yong Kim in 2016.
It really does sound like we might be facing the end of work as we know it.
Many of these fears can be traced back to a 2013 study from the University of Oxford. This made a much quoted prediction that 47% of jobs in the US were under threat of automation in the next two decades. Other more recent and detailed studies have made similar dramatic predictions.
Now, there’s a lot to criticize in the Oxford study. From a technical perspective, some of report’s predictions are clearly wrong. The report gives a 94% probability that bicycle repair person will be automated in the next two decades. And, as someone trying to build that future, I can reassure any bicycle repair person that there is zero chance that we will automate even small parts of your job anytime soon. The truth of the matter is no one has any real idea of the number of jobs at risk.
Even if we have as many as 47% of jobs automated, this won’t translate into 47% unemployment. One reason is that we might just work a shorter week. That was the case in the Industrial Revolution. Before the Industrial Revolution, many worked 60 hours per week. After the Industrial Revolution, work reduced to around 40 hours per week. The same could happen with the unfolding AI Revolution.
Another reason that 47% automation won’t translate into 47% unemployment is that all technologies create new jobs as well as destroy them. That’s been the case in the past, and we have no reason to suppose that it won’t be the case in the future. There is, however, no fundamental law of economics that requires the same number of jobs to be created as destroyed. In the past, more jobs were created than destroyed but it doesn’t have to be so in the future.
In the Industrial Revolution, machines took over many of the physical tasks we used to do. But we humans were still left with all the cognitive tasks. This time, as machines start to take on many of the cognitive tasks too, there’s the worrying question: what is left for us humans?
Some of my colleagues suggest there will be plenty of new jobs like robot repair person. I am entirely unconvinced by such claims. The thousands of people who used to paint and weld in most of our car factories got replaced by only a couple of robot repair people.
No, the new jobs will have to be doing jobs where either humans excel or where we choose not to have machines. But here’s the contradiction. In fifty to hundred years time, machines will be super-human. So it’s hard to imagine of any job where humans will remain better than the machines. This means the only jobs left will be those where we prefer humans to do them.
The AI Revolution then will be about rediscovering the things that make us human. Technically, machines will have become amazing artists. They will be able to write music to rival Bach, and paintings to match Picasso. But we’ll still prefer works produced by human artists.
These works will speak to the human experience. We will appreciate a human artist who speaks about love because we have this in common. No machine will truly experience love like we do.
As well as the artistic, there will be a re-appreciation of the artisan. Indeed, we see the beginnings of this already in hipster culture. We will appreciate more and more those things made by the human hand. Mass-produced goods made by machine will become cheap. But items made by hand will be rare and increasingly valuable.
Finally as social animals, we will also increasingly appreciate and value social interactions with other humans. So the most important human traits will be our social and emotional intelligence, as well as our artistic and artisan skills. The irony is that our technological future will not be about technology but all about our humanity.
Toby Walsh is Professor of Artificial Intelligence at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. His new book, “Android Dreams: the past, present and future of Artificial Intelligence” was published in the UK by Hurst Publishers in September 2017. It’s available from the Guardian Bookshop. You can read more at his blog, http://thefutureofai.blogspot.com/
Since you’re here…… we have a small favour to ask. More people around the world are reading The Guardian’s independent, investigative journalism than ever before. We’ve now been funded by over one million readers. And unlike many news organisations, we have chosen an approach that allows us to keep our journalism open to all. We believe that each one of us deserves access to accurate information with integrity at its heart.
The Guardian is editorially independent, meaning we set our own agenda. Our journalism is free from commercial bias and not influenced by billionaire owners, politicians or shareholders. No one edits our editor. No one steers our opinion. This is important as it enables us to give a voice to those less heard, challenge the powerful and hold them to account. It’s what makes us different to so many others in the media, at a time when factual, honest reporting is critical.
Every contribution we receive from readers like you, big or small, goes directly into funding our journalism. This support enables us to keep working as we do – but we must maintain and build on it for every year to come. Support The Guardian
I disagree (1).......with.......the idea that robots will onlybring benefits to people in thefuture.Robots will also have some (2)..negative...influences.Firstly, theywill be very expensive and we willspend too much money buying andfixing them.Secondly robots in factories will be able todo everythingn the workes do,so robots will make them jobless.Thirdlyrobots in our homes will doall he housework (3)...for.....us so we will become lazy and inactive (4)...In......short robots will do many thing for us,but they may not improve the quality ofour lives
I agree with the idea that computer brings a lot of benefits to students, because the following things. Firstly, students need to develop about technology nowadays. Secondly, thanks to the computer, they can learn Math, Literature, English,... in the Internet.Thirdly, the computer helps them improve their knowledge about science or nature. In addition, they can make friends with the others in the Internet.Morever, to relax they can listen to music, sing songs or watch films on the computer. In conclusion, using the computer is good for students.
(This is my opinion. How about you? Do you agree or disagree? ^_^)
IV. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space.
People have always dreamed of living forever, and although we all know this will (1) never happen, we still want to live as long as possible. Naturally, there are advantages and disadvantages to a long (2) life.
In the first place, people (3) who live longer can spend more time with their family and friends. Secondly, people who have busy working lives look forward to a long, relaxing time when they can do the things they have never had time for.
(4) On the other hand, there are some serious disadvantages. Firstly, many people become ill and consequently have to (5) spend time in hospital or become dependent (6) on their children and friends. Many of them (7) find this dependence annoying or embarrassing. In addition to this, the (8) older people get, the fewer friends they seem to have because old friends die or become ill and it's often difficult to make new (9) friends.
To sum up, it seems that living to a very old age is worthwhile for people who stay healthy (10) enough to remain independent and enjoy life.
1. never
2. life
3. who
4. On
5. spend
6. on
7. find
8. older
9. friends
10. enough
1. will be watching
2. will make
3. is going to rain
4. will become / won't get
5. will change
6. to call
7. will be lying
8. had came
9. arrived / had wait
10. aren't
1. will be watching
2.will make
3.is going to rain
4.will become / won't get
5.will change
6.to call
7.will be lying
8.had came / were
9.arrived / had wait
10.aren't
Đáp án A
Giải thích: Dựa vào câu: “Because of the wires, people could not take those telephones with them when they left their homes or offices.”.
Dịch: Vì cái dây mà con người không thể mang theo những cái điện thoại đó khi rời nhà hoặc cơ quan.
Today, robots are used in factories all over the world because robots are more efficient and accurate than humans. Robots can work long hours without any salary and food, don't need sleep or rest, can't shake or shake like human hands do and can do jobs that people aren't available to. ready to do. It must be recognized that the ability of the robot to work is extremely durable, stable, low maintenance costs, high working efficiency. Using robots at work helps a lot for businesses in optimizing operations, saving costs, and improving the quality of the working environment. In addition, using robots can increase productivity at work, cause uniformity in product quality, safety for workers, but it is also harmful: Robots need a power supply. Volume, which can take the place of many people in factories, can store large amounts of data, but storing, accessing, and retrieving is not as efficient as the human brain. This limits how robots can help and interact with people, but robots are still useful for humans, so we still need robots.