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Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b-3c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-3a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-3b}{b}=\dfrac{a+b-3c+b+c-3a+c+a-3b}{c+a+b}=\dfrac{-\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=-1\)
\(\dfrac{a+b-3c}{c}=-1\Rightarrow a+b-3c=-c\Rightarrow a+b-2c=0\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{b+c-3a}{a}=-1\Rightarrow b+c-3a=-a\Rightarrow b+c-2a=0\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{c+a-3b}{b}=-1\Rightarrow a+c-3b=-b\Rightarrow a+c-2b=0\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) ta có:\(a+b-2c=b+c-2a\Rightarrow3a=3c\Rightarrow a=c\left(4\right)\)
Từ (1), (3) ta có:\(a+b-2c=a+c-2b\Rightarrow3b=3c\Rightarrow b=c\left(5\right)\)
Từ (4), (5)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
=>\(a=bk;c=dk\)
1: \(\dfrac{2a+3c}{2b+3d}=\dfrac{2\cdot bk+3\cdot dk}{2b+3d}=\dfrac{k\left(2b+3d\right)}{2b+3d}=k\)
\(\dfrac{2a-3c}{2b-3d}=\dfrac{2bk-3dk}{2b-3d}=\dfrac{k\left(2b-3d\right)}{2b-3d}=k\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{2a+3c}{2b+3d}=\dfrac{2a-3c}{2b-3d}\)
2: \(\dfrac{4a-3b}{4c-3d}=\dfrac{4\cdot bk-3b}{4\cdot dk-3d}=\dfrac{b\left(4k-3\right)}{d\left(4k-3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{4a+3b}{4c+3d}=\dfrac{4bk+3b}{4dk+3d}=\dfrac{b\left(4k+3\right)}{d\left(4k+3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{4a-3b}{4c-3d}=\dfrac{4a+3b}{4c+3d}\)
3: \(\dfrac{3a+5b}{3a-5b}=\dfrac{3bk+5b}{3bk-5b}=\dfrac{b\left(3k+5\right)}{b\left(3k-5\right)}=\dfrac{3k+5}{3k-5}\)
\(\dfrac{3c+5d}{3c-5d}=\dfrac{3dk+5d}{3dk-5d}=\dfrac{d\left(3k+5\right)}{d\left(3k-5\right)}=\dfrac{3k+5}{3k-5}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{3a+5b}{3a-5b}=\dfrac{3c+5d}{3c-5d}\)
4: \(\dfrac{3a-7b}{b}=\dfrac{3bk-7b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(3k-7\right)}{b}=3k-7\)
\(\dfrac{3c-7d}{d}=\dfrac{3dk-7d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(3k-7\right)}{d}=3k-7\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{3a-7b}{b}=\dfrac{3c-7d}{d}\)
Ta có; \(\frac{a+b-3c}{c}+4=\frac{b+c-3a}{a}+4=\frac{c+a-3b}{b}+4 \)
<=>\(\frac{a+b+c}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b} \)
Mà a,b,c>0=>a+b+c>0
=>\(\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{b} \)
=>a=b=c(đpcm)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{3b}=\dfrac{b}{3c}=\dfrac{c}{3d}=\dfrac{d}{3a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3b+3c+3d+3x}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3.\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\ \Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1}{3}.3b=b\\ \Rightarrow b=\dfrac{1}{3}.3c=c\\ \Rightarrow c=\dfrac{1}{3}.3d=d\\ \Rightarrow d=\dfrac{1}{3}.3a=a\)
➩\(\text{a=b=c=d}\)
Tick cho mình nhé
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{e}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;b=ck;c=dk;d=ek\)
\(\Rightarrow a=bk=ck^2=dk^3=ek^4;b=ek^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{e}=\dfrac{ek^4}{e}=k^4\left(1\right)\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{e}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^4}{b^4}=\dfrac{b^4}{c^4}=\dfrac{c^4}{d^4}=\dfrac{d^4}{e^4}=\dfrac{2a^4+3b^4+4c^4+5d^4}{2b^4+3c^4+4d^4+5e^4}\left(2\right)\)
Lại có \(\dfrac{a^4}{b^4}=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^4=\left(\dfrac{ek^4}{ek^3}\right)^4=k^4\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\left(3\right)\RightarrowĐpcm\)
Theo tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\dfrac{a}{3b}=\dfrac{b}{3c}=\dfrac{c}{3d}=\dfrac{d}{3a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Vì a + b + c + d khác 0 . Ta có :
\(a=\dfrac{1}{3}.3b=b\)(1)
\(b=\dfrac{1}{3}.3c=c\)(2)
\(c=\dfrac{1}{3}.3d=d\)(3)
\(d=\dfrac{1}{3}.3a=a\)(4)
Từ (1);(2);(3) và (4)
=> a = b = c = d
Bài 1:
$\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=t\Rightarrow a=bt; c=dt$. Khi đó:
\(\frac{2a^2-3ab+5b^2}{2a^2+3ab}=\frac{2(bt)^2-3.bt.b+5b^2}{2(bt)^2+3bt.b}=\frac{b^2(2t^2-3t+5)}{b^2(2t^2+3t)}\)
$=\frac{2t^2-3t+5}{2t^2+3t}(1)$
\(\frac{2c^2-3cd+5d^2}{2c^2+3cd}=\frac{2(dt)^2-3.dt.d+5d^2}{2(dt)^2+3dt.d}=\frac{d^2(2t^2-3t+5)}{d^2(2t^2+3t)}=\frac{2t^2-3t+5}{2t^2+3t}(2)\)
Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra đpcm.
Bài 2:
Từ $\frac{a}{c}=\frac{c}{b}\Rightarrow c^2=ab$. Khi đó:
$\frac{b^2-c^2}{a^2+c^2}=\frac{b^2-ab}{a^2+ab}=\frac{b(b-a)}{a(a+b)}$ (đpcm)
Tham khảo thêm thôi chứ mình không chắc nhé! dạng này mình chưa từng gặp (hay có gặp nhưng rất ít). Thôi không dài dòng nữa. Vào bài thôi.
Giải
Theo t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau: \(\dfrac{a}{2b+3c}=\dfrac{b}{2c+3a}=\dfrac{c}{2a+3b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2b+3c+2c+3a+2a+3b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b+c}{\left(2b+3b\right)+\left(2c+3c\right)+\left(2a+3a\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{5b+5c+5a}\) (*)
Từ (*) ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{2b+3c}=\dfrac{b}{2c+3a}=\dfrac{c}{2a+3b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{5b+5c+5a}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vì: \(5.\dfrac{a}{2b+3c}=5.\dfrac{b}{2c+3a}=5.\dfrac{c}{2a+3b}=\dfrac{5a+5b+5c}{5b+5c+5a}=1\)
Mà \(1:5=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5a\left(2b+3c\right)=5b\left(2c+3a\right)=5c\left(2a+3b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10ab+15ac=10bc+15ba=10ca+15cb\Leftrightarrow a=b=c^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{2a+3c}{3a+4c}=\dfrac{2bk+3dk}{3bk+4dk}=\dfrac{2b+3d}{3b+4d}\)
Lời giải:
$3\text{VT}=\frac{3a}{3a+1}+\frac{3b}{3b+1}+\frac{3c}{3c+1}$
$=1-\frac{1}{3a+1}+1-\frac{1}{3b+1}+1-\frac{1}{3c+1}$
$=3-\left[\frac{1}{3a+1}+\frac{1}{3b+1}+\frac{1}{3c+1}\right]$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$\frac{1}{3a+1}+\frac{1}{3b+1}+\frac{1}{3c+1}\geq \frac{9}{3a+1+3b+1+3c+1}=\frac{9}{3(a+b+c)+3}=\frac{9}{3.6+3}=\frac{3}{7}$
$\Rightarrow 3\text{VT}\leq 3-\frac{3}{7}=\frac{18}{7}$
$\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{6}{7}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=2$