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a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1
b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)
Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)
Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:
\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2 :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 3ab + 3bc + 3ca
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = ab + bc + ca
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
<=> ( a - b )^2 + ( b - c )^2 + ( c - a )^2 = 0
<=> a = b = c
1.
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+18=2ab+6a+6b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-6a+9\right)+\left(b^2-6b+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-3\right)^2+\left(b-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\a-3=0\\b-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=3\)
2.
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(2\ge a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow ab\le1\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}-\frac{2}{1+ab}=\frac{a^2+b^2+2}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}-\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)-2a^2b^2-a^2-b^2-2}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}=\frac{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2a^2b^2+2ab-a^2-b^2}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)-\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}=\frac{\left(ab-1\right)\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\le0;\forall ab\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\le\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
Dấu BĐT ngược 1 chút \(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
Xét hiệu 2 vế của BĐT
\(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}-\frac{2}{1+ab}=\frac{1}{1+a^2}-\frac{1}{1+ab}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}-\frac{1}{1+ab}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\ge0\)
=> \(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=1