cho a,b,c > 0 có a+b+c\(\le\)3. Tìm Min
B=\(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+2b\right)\left(a+2c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b+2a\right)\left(b+2c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c+2a\right)\left(c+2b\right)}\)
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\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}+\dfrac{a+2b}{27}+\dfrac{b+2c}{27}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}{27^2.\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{3}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(c+2a\right)}+\dfrac{b+2c}{27}+\dfrac{c+2a}{27}\ge\dfrac{b}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+2a\right)\left(a+2b\right)}+\dfrac{c+2a}{27}+\dfrac{a+2b}{27}\ge\dfrac{c}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{9}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2b=c\\3b-2c=a\\3c-2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\text{ và }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-c=2b\\3b-a=2c\\3c-b=2a\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{a\cdot b\cdot c}{2a\cdot2b\cdot3c}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a\left(2b+2c-1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b\left(2c+2a-1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c\left(2a+2b-1\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a\left[2b+2c-\left(a+b+c\right)\right]}+\dfrac{1}{b\left[2c+2a-\left(a+b+c\right)\right]}+\dfrac{1}{c\left[2a+2b-\left(a+b+c\right)\right]}\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a\left(b+c-a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b\left(c+a-b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c\left(a+b-c\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{ab+ac-a^2}+\dfrac{1}{bc+ab-b^2}+\dfrac{1}{ca+bc-c^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{-a^2-b^2-c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=\dfrac{9}{-\left[a^2+b^2+c^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]}\) ( 1 )
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left[a^2+b^2+c^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]\le ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{-\left[a^2+b^2+c^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]}\ge\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Từ ( 1 )
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{3}\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow27\le\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge27\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=27\)
b.\(ĐK:x;y\in Z^+;x;y\ne0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{5}{y}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=1-\dfrac{5}{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{y-5}{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{y-5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5y}{y-5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=5+\dfrac{25}{y-5}\) ( bạn chia \(5y\) cho \(y-5\) ý )
Để x;y là số nguyên dương thì \(25⋮y-5\) hay \(y-5\in U\left(25\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5;\pm25\right\}\)
TH1:
\(y-5=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=30\end{matrix}\right.\) ( tm ) ( bạn thế y=6 vào \(x=5+\dfrac{25}{y+5}\) nhé )
Xét tương tự, ta ra được nghiệm nguyên dương của phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=30\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=10\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu a mik ko bt nên bạn tham khảo nhé:
https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/cho-a-b-c-0-va-day-ti-so-dfrac2bc-aadfrac2c-babdfrac2ab-cctinh-p-dfracleft3a-2brightleft3b-2crightleft.177725456910
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2b+2c+2a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=2\Rightarrow2b+c-a=2a\Rightarrow2b=3a-c\)\(\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=2\Rightarrow2c-b+a=2b\Rightarrow2c=3b-a\)
\(\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=2\Rightarrow2a+b-c=2c\Rightarrow2a=3c-b\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2b-c\right)\left(2c-a\right)}{2a.2b.2c}=\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2b-c\right)\left(2c-a\right)}{8abc}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(B=\frac{1}{(a+2b)(a+2c)}+\frac{1}{(b+2a)(b+2c)}+\frac{1}{(c+2a)(c+2b)}\)
\(\geq \frac{9}{(a+2b)(a+2c)+(b+2a)(b+2c)+(c+2a)(c+2b)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B\geq \frac{9}{(a^2+2ac+2ab+4bc)+(b^2+2bc+2ab+4ac)+(c^2+2bc+2ac+4ab)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B\geq \frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+8(ab+bc+ac)}=\frac{9}{(a+b+c)^2+6(ab+bc+ac)}(*)\)
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT Cô-si:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow (a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(a+b+c)^2\geq 6(ab+bc+ac)(**)\)
Từ \((*); (**)\Rightarrow B\geq \frac{9}{(a+b+c)^2+2(a+b+c)^2}=\frac{3}{(a+b+c)^2}\geq \frac{3}{3^2}=\frac{1}{3}\)
(do \(a+b+c\leq 3)\)
Do đó: \(B_{\min}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)